多种造影方式在脑脊髓动静脉畸形复合手术中的应用初探

Preliminary application of multiple angiographic patterns in the hybrid surgery of cerebral and spinal arteriovenous malformations

目的探讨复合手术中吲哚氰绿荧光(ICG)造影、DSA和亚甲蓝造影对脑脊髓动静脉畸形(AVM)的应用模式,并对比术中不同造影方法的应用价值。方法回顾性分析首都医科大学宣武医院2013年7月至2015年12月行脑脊髓AVM复合手术55例患者的临床资料,其中脑AVM(Spetzler-Martin≥Ⅲ级)8例,脊髓AVM 47例,平均年龄(33.8±15.6)岁。在复合手术室行术中DSA,并经供血动脉行亚甲蓝造影或ICG造影(初期)。以术后3个月复查DSA评价解剖治愈结果。结果对55例患者均行术中DSA,32例行亚甲蓝造影,4例行术中ICG荧光造影(初期)。术中每例DSA检查(3.6±1.3)次,首次病灶切除后,术中DSA发现有残余病灶者占27.3%(15例)。85.5%(47例)患者获得解剖治愈,其中脑AVM患者(8/8)均获得解剖治愈,脊髓AVM患者83.0%(39例)获得解剖治愈。术后1年随访有3例失访,脑AVM患者改良Rankin评分(mRS)中位数为2.0(0.0~3.8)分,与术前3.5(2.0~4.0)分比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.264,P<0.05);脊髓AVM患者术后Aminoff评分为3.5(1.0~6.0)分,与术前4.0(1.0~6.0)分比较,差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.262,P>0.05),功能保存者(神经功能评分优于或等于术前)占88.5%(46/52)。结论术中DSA可精确定位畸形团和验证全切,术中亚甲蓝造影可在术野选择性显示供血动脉供应的畸形团,明确血管构筑,ICG造影可显示术区表面的畸形团结构。术中DSA结合亚甲蓝造影可代替ICG造影,达到脑脊髓AVM复合手术解剖治愈的治疗目标。

Objectives To investigate the application modes of indocyanine green （ICG） angiography,digital subtraction angiography （DSA） and methylene blue angiography in the hybrid surgery of cerebral and spinal arteriovenous malformations （AVMs） and to compare the application value of different intraoperative angiographic methods.Methods From July 2013 to December 2015,55 patients treated with hybrid surgery of cerebral and spinal AVMs in Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University were analyzed retrospectively,including 8 patients with cerebral AVM（Spetzler-Martin grade ≥Ⅲ） and 47 with spinal AVM.Their mean age was 33.8＆#177;15.6 years.Intraoperative DSA was performed in a hybrid operation room and methylene blue angiography was performed via the feeding artery.ICG angiography was performed in 4 cases in the initial stage as a comparison.Anatomic cure was confirmed by DSA at 3 months after surgery and the results were assessed.Results All 55 patients performed intraoperative DSA,32 underwent methylene blue angiography and 4 performed intraoperative ICG angiography.The frequency of intraoperative DSA was 3.6＆#177;1.3 times for each case.After the resection of the first lesion,the residual lesions revealed by DSA accounted for 27.3% （15/55）.85.5% （47/55） patients achieved anatomic cure,in which the patients with midbrain AVM （8/8） and spinal AVM 83.0% （39/47） achieved anatomic cure.Three patients were lost to follow up at 1 year after procedure.The median modified Rankin scale （mRS） score of the cerebral AVMs was 2.0 （0.0-3.8）.Compared with 3.5 （2.0-4.0） before procedure,there was significant difference （Z=-2.264,P〈0.05）.The Aminoff score in patients with spinal AVM after procedure was 3.5 （1.0-6.0）.Compared with 4.0 （1.0-6.0） before procedure,there was no significant difference （Z=-0.262,P〉0.05）.The patients with function preservation （function score equal or better than pre-operation） accounted for 88.5% （46/52）.Conclusions Intraoperative DSA could precisely localize the nidi and verify the complete resection.Intraoperative methylene blue angiography could selectively reveal the feeding artery supplied nidi in the operative field and identify the angioarchitecture.ICG angiography could reveal the structures of nidi on the surface of the operation area.The intraoperative methylene blue angiography could replace ICG angiography and achieve the treatment target of anatomical cure of the hybrid surgery of the cerebral and spinal cord vascular malformations.