共犯教义学中的德日经验与中国现实——正犯与主犯教义学功能厘清下的思考

The doctrine of joint crime: German and Japanese experience and the reality of China

正犯概念之教义学功能在于解决犯罪参与者构成要件符合性之问题,主犯概念的教义学功能则在于量刑,我国关于共犯之刑事立法具有多重解释的空间,单一制抑或区分制的解释结论都不违背现行立法;以重要作用说与行为支配论为代表之当今德日学理上正犯概念的实质化倾向,使得正犯概念的教义学功能发生了异化,不仅面临体系内部逻辑自洽的难题,亦暴露出以德日为代表的区分制立法模式之弊端;在限制正犯概念立场下,通过对正犯进行形式化之解读,建构正犯、主犯分离体系,不仅合乎现行立法之规定,亦可确保正犯、主犯各自之教义学功能的独立。

The doctrine of making clear the concept of function is to solve the problem of crime participant compliance elements, the principal concept of dogmatics function lies in the sentencing, China~ criminal legislation about the accom- plice has multiple explanation space, explain the conclusion of unitary or distinguish system did not deviate from the current legislation. As an important wle and behavior control theory as the representative of the German and Japanese theories on the concept of criminal essence tendency, the concept of alienation makes the principal doctrinal function, not only faces the problem of system of internal logic self consistent, also reveals the distinction between system and legislative model of malpractice. In the restrictive concept of actor perspective, by interpreting the formalization of principal, principal, princi- pal construction of separation system, not only accord with current legislative regulation, but also to ensure that the princi- pal, the principal of their doctrinal function independently.