SPANX蛋白的研究进展及其与男性生育力的相关性

The Advances of SPANX and Its Correlation with Male Fertility

男性不育症病因十分复杂,遗传、环境、内分泌等许多因素都会导致男性不育。而现今临床上多依据精液常规分析对男性不育做出诊断和治疗,但仅依赖精液常规参数存在一定局限性。探寻男性生育力的潜在生物标志分子是当前男性不育的迫切需求。精子X染色体核结合精子蛋白(The sperm protein associated with the nucleus on the X chromosome,SPANX)是在精子中表达的一类小分子蛋白,SPANX蛋白家族基因定位在X染色体上,它随精子的成熟而迁徙,参与精子结构的形成,在精子成熟的不同时期,蛋白定位和蛋白表达均存在差异。在精液参数正常的不育男性和自发弱精症的男性中,SPANX表达下调;同时在活性氧自由基(reactive oxygen species,ROS)阴性的精子中,SPANXC表达降低,在DNA碎片率低的精子中,SPANX表达增高;这些表明SPANX与男性生育力存在一定的相关性,但其与生育力的影响极其相关机制还需要进一步的研究。

The aetiology of male infertility is complicated, multi-factors including genetic, environment and endocrine will lead to male infertility and the conventional analysis of sperm are the base of clinical diagnosis and treatment which is insufficient. The research of biomarkers of male infertility is in urgent need. The sperm protein associated with the nucleus on the X chromosome （SPANX） are the protein family express in sperm and the SPANX gene locate on X chromosome and the SPANX immigrate along with the maturation of sperm and involved in the formation of sperm structure. During the different episode of sperm maturation, the location and expres- sion of SPANX is different. The SPANX has a significantly lower expression in norm-parameter infertile men and idiopathic astheno- zoospermia. And the expression of SPANX decreases in active oxygen species-negative （ROS-） group, but the SPANX overexpress in the low sperm DNA fragmentation group. The research indicated that SPANX has relevance to male fertility, but the mechanism of the rela-tion needs further research.