食盐摄入量与成人血压关系的横断面研究

The relationship of salt intake and blood pressure:a cross sectional study

目的了解食盐摄入量与成人血压的关系。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,对徐州市20个社区的9 788名≥18岁居民进行问卷调查和体格检查,运用线性回归探索食盐摄入量与血压的关系。结果高血压新发现率8.80%,调查对象食盐日均摄入量(10.00±7.60)g/d,高血压患者每日食盐摄入量高于其他两组人群,正常血压、正常高值血压和高血压人群食盐摄入量的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同性别不同食盐摄入量调查对象收缩压(F男=15.567,F女=42.026,P值均<0.01)、舒张压(F男=8.201,F女=22.420,P值均<0.01)差异均具有统计学意义。与食盐摄入量≤6g/d人群比较,未调整混杂因素前,食盐摄入量≥12g/d、>6g/d的调查对象收缩压分别增加了2.389倍(95%CI:1.933~2.845)、3.078倍(95%CI:2.309~3.847),调整混杂因素后,分别增加了1.919倍(95%CI:1.470~2.368)、2.927倍(95%CI:2.206~3.648)。结论减少每日食盐摄入量是罹患高血压的保护因素。

Objective To study the relationship of salt intake and adult blood pressure. Methods Using the multistage ran- domized cluster sampling method, a total of 9 788 residents were randomly selected from 20 communities in Xuzhou , who were subjected to questionnaire based survey and physical examination. Linear regression analysis was used to explore the relation- ship between salt intake and blood pressure. Results The prevalence of hypertension was 8.80%, the salt intake of partici- pants was （10.00zk 7.60） g/d. Statistically significant differences were found in salt intake amounts among normal blood pres- sure group, high-normal blood pressure group and hypertension group（P〈0.01）. Salt intake of hypertension group was higher than the other two groups. The systolic pressure and diastolic pressure among different salt intake groups were statistically sig- nificant. There were significant differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure among subjects with different genders and different intakes of salt（systolic perssuers ： Fmalex = 15.567, Ffemales = 42. 026 ; diastolic pressures ： Fmales = 8.201, Ffem,le=22. 420 ; all P^0.01）. Comparing with subjects with salt intake less than 6 g/d, the systolic pressure of individuals with salt intake more than 12 g/d and more than 6 g/d increased by 2. 389 [95%CI（1. 933,2. 845）] times and 3. 078 [95%CI（2. 309,3. 847）] times, respectively , before adjusting for potential confounding factors. The systolic pressure increased by 1. 919 [95% CI （ 1. 470,2. 368）] times and 2. 927 [95%CI（2. 206,3. 648）] times, respectively, after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Conclusion Reducing the amount of salt intake per day is a protective factor of hypertension.