光绪年间张家口“晋义社”考释及其资料整理

Research on Zhangjiakou Jiyi Club and Its Documentation in Guangxu Years of Qing Dynasty

光绪二十九年出现在张家口的"晋义社",早在半个多世纪以前,就已经是明日黄花,消失在时光中,然而其历史学的学术意义则格外重要,尤其是保存到现在的三通碑记,尚能在相隔几百里的两处——河北张家口和内蒙古商都县,被汇集到一起,实乃是学术幸事。一方面既是有关张家口商贸历史的重要原始文献;另一方面,现存碑记所蕴含着的历史事实,亟需要澄清。山西商人的"晋义社"出现在光绪朝最后几年的张家口,绝非偶然,背后一定还隐藏着直到现在尚未人知的重大事实。因为,张家口的"晋义社",充其量是祁太帮银钱业、汇兑业在张家口的一种带有鲜明行业特点的、同乡特征的、民间性的"社"和"会"组织,并非是山西商人在张家口的全部。甚至于能在这一时点,得到诸多朝廷大员和地方官绅的支持,购置地亩、营建庙堂和房屋。如此情形,即便在全中国的山西商人发展史上,实属罕见。

Zhangjiakou＇s Jiyi Club, which appeared in Guangxu twenty-nine years of Qing Dynasty, disappeared as early as more than half a century ago, has been a thing of the past, but the history of academic significance is particularly important, especially to the three inscriptional records located in Zhangjiakou of Hebei Province and Shangdu County of Inner Mongolia respectively. On the one hand, it is an important original document on Zhangjiakou trade history; on the other hand, existing inscriptional record, contains the historical fact, need to be clarified. It is not coincidence that Shanxi merchants ＇Jinyi club appeared in the late Guangxu years of Qing Dynasty in Zhangjiakou, there must be something hidden behind the important fact that has not been known until now. Because,Zhangjiakou＇s Jinyi club at best is the organization with a distinct industry characteristics, characteristics of countrymen, is not the all of Shanxi merchants in zhangjiakou. Even at this point, they were supported by many government and local officials, purchasing farmland,building temples and houses. This situation, even in the whole of China ＇s history of Shanxi merchants, is rare.