光相干断层扫描血管成像在眼底疾病诊断研究中的应用

Application of optical coherence tomography angiography for diagnosis in fundus diseases

光相干断层扫描血管成像（OCTA）通过对同一体素多次扫描信号间的差异进行处理，得到视网膜与脉络膜血流信息。OCTA因其无创、三维显示、分辨率高等优点，可用于眼底疾病的检查。OCTA能发现眼底疾病的血流改变，可以清晰显示正常眼底与年龄相关性黄斑变性、糖尿病视网膜病变、视网膜血管阻塞等疾病的视网膜与脉络膜毛细血管血流。本文就OCTA的基本原理及其在正常眼、年龄相关性黄斑变性与脉络膜新生血管、糖尿病视网膜病变、特发性黄斑中心凹旁毛细血管扩张症2型、视网膜血管阻塞、中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变、息肉样脉络膜血管病变等眼底疾病诊断中的应用进行综述。

Optical coherence tomography angiography （OCTA） obtains information of retinal and choroidal blood flow by processing the difference between repeated scan of the same voxel.OCTA can be used in fundus diseases because of noninvasive, three-dimensional and high resolution aquisition.OCTA is able to detect the alteration of blood flow in fundus diseases, especially in imaging the retinal and choriocapillary blood flow in normal fundus, age-related macular degeneration （AMD）, diabetic retinopathy （DR）, retinal vascular occlusion, etc.In this paper, the basic principle of OCTA and its applications in normal eyes, AMD and choroid neovascularization, DR, idiopathic parafoveal capillaries expansion of type 2, retinal vascular obstruction, central serous chorioretinopathy and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy diagnosis are reviewed.