动补式“V好”、“V坏”句法语义对称性研究

A Research of Symmetry of Syntactic and Semantic of Complement Constructions “V+Hao(好)”, “V+Huai(坏)”

对称与不对称是语言中的普遍现象,动补位置上的"好"、"坏"形式与语义匹配情况多样,文章对动补式"V好"、"V坏"的对称性分布进行考察,指出"V好"、"V坏"对称分布主要为常规情况下的对称和对举条件下的对称,"V好"、"V坏"不对称分布主要为有"V好"无"V坏"、有"V坏"无"V好"两种情形。与"好"、"坏"搭配的均是自主动词。"好"、"坏"义项的不对称,使用频率的差异,组配动词的语义倾向,人们的趋利心理以及交际中的礼貌原则等因素共同制约着"V好"、"V坏"二者的对称性。

Symmetry is a common phenomenon in language, the situation of the form and semantic matching of complement position of＂Hao（好）＂ and ＂Huai（坏）＂ is varied. The article investigated the symmetry distribution of ＂V＋Hao（好）＂, ＂V＋Huai（坏）＂, pointed out three main kinds of distribution of them： the symmetric. distributions of ＂V＋Hao（好）＂, ＂V＋Huai（坏）＂ mainly are symmetries under normal and contrastive conditions; the asymmetry distributions mainly are two cases of ＂V＋Hao（好）＂ without ＂V＋Huai（坏）＂ and ＂V＋Huai（坏）＂ without ＂V＋Hao（好） ＂.With ＂Hao（好）＂ and ＂Huai（坏）＂ are mainly active verbs. The asymmetry of meanings of ＂Hao（好）＂ and ＂Huai（坏）＂, the differences in the frequency of use, the semantic orientation with verbs, people＇s tendency to profit as well as politeness principle in communication are commonly restricting the symmetry of ＂V ＋ Hao（ 好）＂, ＂V ＋ Huai （ 坏 ）＂.