再论北周政权未实施九品中正制

Re-study on the “Jiu Pin Zhong Zheng” System not Implemented at the Northern Zhou Dynasty

虽然《北周六典》《西魏、北周时期的九品中正制及其作用》等著述中有北周政权任命过中正这一九品中正制实施过程中最为关键的职官,可是这些记载多出自碑刻等考古材料,其中有的记载时间有误,有的时间不确定,甚至有的碑刻本身真伪就存在问题,正如前辈学者所云:这些碑刻比之传世文献来说其史料价值还是存在一定的差距的。另外,虽然《周书》《北史》等典籍中存在有关北周政权"举贤良""举明经""举秀才"的记载,可是由于该政权统治时期没有任命过一个中正这一九品中正制实施过程中最为关键的职官,因此北周政权并没有沿用西魏政权所实行的九品中正制。至于北周政权未实行九品中正制的缘由,除了拙文《北周政权是否实行九品中正制》所做的分析之外,还应该与北周政权放弃了汉魏以来的职官制度而采取周六官制,改九品官制为九命制有关联。

Not a few works such as Bei Zhou Liu Dian and ＂The Jiu Pin Zhong Zheng System and Its Role of Being at Western Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasty＂point out that a government post named ＂Zhong Zheng＂（中正） existed in the Northern Zhou Dynasty,the materials these works referred to were from inscriptions.Some of these inscriptions record the wrong time,some of them can not be confirmed time of manufacture,and even some inscriptions＇ authenticity is doubtful. As the senior scholars said,the historical value of these inscriptions is lower than the ancient literatures. Futhermore,although there are records of ＂Ju Xian Liang＂（举贤良）,＂Ju Ming Jing＂（举明经） and ＂Ju Xiu Cai＂（举秀才） in the Northern Zhou Dynasty in Zhou Shu and Bei Shi,there was no ＂Zhong Zheng＂in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Therefore,the Northern Zhou Regime did not continue the ＂Jiu Pin Zhong Zheng＂System implemented in the Western Wei Dynasty. As for the reason that the Northern Zhou Regime did not implement Jiu pin zhong zheng system,in addition to the analysis in＂Whether the Jiu Pin Zhong Zheng System Implemented at Northern Zhou Dynasty＂,it should be related to the Northern Zhou Regime giving up the official system since the Han and Wei Dynasty,adopting the ＂Liu Guan＂system,and changing the Jiu Pin Official System to ＂Jiu Ming＂Official System（九命制）.