中西太平洋鲣栖息地指数预报模型比较研究

Comparisons of habitat suitability index models of skipjack tuna in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean

鲣(Katsuwonus pelamis)是太平洋热带海域重要的金枪鱼种类之一,也是目前我国金枪鱼围网渔船的主要捕捞对象之一。根据1995—2012年中西太平洋海域(5°N-10°S;125°E-135°W)延绳钓生产统计数据,结合海表面温度(SST)和海表面高度(SSH)的遥感数据,利用频次分布法分析了中西太平洋围网鲣分布的SST和SSH适宜范围;采用了外包络法,按季度分别建立了SST、SSH的适应性指数(SI),采用算术平均法(AMM)和几何平均法(GMM)建立栖息地指数(HSI)模型计算其栖息地指数,并用2013年度的捕捞数据进行验证。结果表明,中西太平洋围网鲣多分布在SST为28~30.5℃、SSH为65~95 cm的海域。以捕捞努力量(作业天数)为基础,采用外包络法建立SST、SSH的适应性指数最为合适,各个季度的SST权重分别为0.7、0.6、0.3、0.6的算数平均法适合中西太平洋围网鲣栖息地指数模型。不同季节的环境因子对中西太平洋围网鲣渔场分布有着不同的影响。

Skipjack tuna（ Katsuwonus pelamis） is one of the tuna species in the tropical Pacific waters,and is one of the main fishing targets by Chinese tuna purse seine fleets. In this paper,according to the fishing data during 1995 to 2012 in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean waters（ 5°N-10°S and 125°E-135°W）,combined with the remote sensing data of sea surface temperature（ SST） and sea surface height（ SSH）,the frequency distribution method is used to analyze the suitable environmental range（ SST and SSH） for skipjack tuna in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean. And the envelope method is also used to establish the suitability index（ SI） based on SST and SSH in each quarter. The habitat suitability index（ HSI） model is established to calculate the habitat suitability index by using the method of arithmetic average（ AMM） and the geometric average method（ GMM）,and the catch data in 2013 is used to verify. The results show that the skipjack tuna is distributed in the waters with SST ranging from 28 ℃ to 30. 5 ℃ and SSH ranging from 65 cm to 95 cm. In terms of fishing effort（ fishing days） used as SI,the external envelope method of SI with SST and SSH is the most suitable. For establishing arithmetic average method of skipjack tuna,the suitable weights of SST in each quarter were 0. 7,0. 6,0. 3 and 0. 6 in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean. It is concluded that the environmental factors in different seasons have different effects on skipjack tuna distribution in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean.