喀斯特山区不同岩性分区下的景观生态质量差异——以罗甸县为例

Landscape ecological quality of different lithological regions in karst mountains:A case study in the Luodian county of Guizhou Province

以贵州省罗甸县为例,获取岩性及2000、2005、2010和2015年4期景观格局分布等数据,从景观稳定程度和干扰程度视角对比分析了不同岩性分区的人为活动对景观生态质量变化的影响模式。研究表明:(1)利用景观稳定程度和干扰程度进行评价,能较好地反映不同岩性分区的景观生态质量差异;(2)非喀斯特区域的景观稳定程度高于亚喀斯特区域,典型喀斯特区域的景观稳定程度最低;(3)亚喀斯特区域的景观干扰程度高于非喀斯特区域,典型喀斯特区域受到的干扰最小;(4)非喀斯特区域的景观生态质量最好,亚喀斯特区域次之,典型喀斯特区域的景观生态质量较差;(5)2000—2015年,不同岩性分区下的景观生态质量变化呈现出不同趋势。典型喀斯特区域4期的景观生态质量分别为0.30、0.18、-0.24、-0.18,2000—2010年景观生态质量有所下降,但2010—2015年景观生态质量处于上升状态;亚喀斯特区域4期的景观生态质量分别0.55、0.17、0.32、-0.51,2000-2005年景观生态质量下降,而2005—2010年景观生态质量上升,2010-2015年景观生态质量又处于下降状态;非喀斯特区域4期的景观生态质量分别为0.66、0.38、0.27、-0.30,2000-2015年景观生态质量一直处于下降状态。受岩性及人类活动影响的亚喀斯特区域景观生态质量更为敏感。因此,在生态环境治理措施中应根据岩性的差异进行分区对待,更需关注亚喀斯特区域的景观生态质量。

In order to reveal the characteristics of landscape patterns and landscape ecological quality of different lithological partitions in karst mountainous area,this paper takes Luodian county of Guizhou Province as a case through analysing the data of lithologies,landscape patterns and landscape distribution,obtained from the periods of 2000,2005,2010 and 2015,respectively,with the intention of understanding the influence of human activities on landscape ecological quality.In the meantime,change of the landscape ecological quality was comparatively analyzed for different lithological partitions from the perspective of landscape stability and anthropogenic interference degree,which can be used to reflect the difference of landscape ecological quality in different lithological regions.The study shows that in general the landscape stability of non-karst region is higher than that of semi-karst region,while landscape stability of typical karst region is the lowest.Moreover,artificial disturbance on the landscape in semi-karst region is higher than that of non-karst region,while the disturbance degree in typical karst region is the lowest.As a result,landscape ecological quality of non-karst region is better than that of semi-karst region,whereas this quality in typical karst region is the worst.From 2000 to 2015,the landscape ecological quality tended to declines in different lithological areas.In typical karst region,this 4-period landscape ecological qualities were 0.30,0.18,-0.24,and-0.18,respectively,which had an obvious decline between 2000 and 2010,but rose from 2010 to 2015.In semi-karst region,these ecological qualities were 0.55,0.17,0.32,and-0.51,respectively;they declined during this period except for years from 2005 to 2010when they slightly rose.In non-karst region,however,the 4-period values were0.66,0.38,0.27,and-0.30,respectively,had been declining in the entire period since 2000.The landscape ecological qualities of semi-karst region are more susceptible to the influence of both lithology and human activity.Therefore,for ecological environment governance,measures should be taken as the basis of the differences of lithological regions where more attentions should be paid on the landscape ecological quality of semi-karst.