基于集对可拓粗糙集方法的高边坡爆破施工安全风险评价

Safety risk assessment of high slope blasting construction based on set pair-extension analysis

针对高速公路岩质路堑高边坡采用爆破施工开挖方式容易引起边坡稳定性下降而出现边坡坡体垮塌以及因爆破产生的振动作用造成邻近构筑物损坏、人员伤亡等安全风险问题,综合考虑边坡高度、坡形坡率、地质条件、爆破设计方案、爆区环境以及安全监督与管理共6个影响因素,通过确定拟评价样本指标的经典域与节域,构建基于同异反分析的联系度隶属函数,建立基于集对可拓分析方法的安全风险评价模型,采用粗糙集理论计算安全风险评价指标权重,对高边坡爆破施工安全风险进行评价。研究结果表明:工程实例高边坡爆破施工安全风险评价等级为中度风险,与现场调研结果一致;评价方法能真实反映高边坡爆破施工安全风险评价过程中的不确定性,提高高边坡爆破施工安全风险评价的精度;评价模型计算简单,能够为高边坡爆破施工提供风险预判,有效降低安全事故的发生概率,节约工程施工安全防护成本。

Considering that the high slope of highway rock cut by blasting excavation is easy to cause the decline of slope stability and the vibration caused by blasting damage to nearby structures, personnel casualties and other security risks,6 factors, i.e. slope height, slope shape and slope ratio, geological condition, blasting design scheme, blasting area environment, safety supervision and management were used to determine the classical domain and joint domain of the proposed evaluation sample, membership function was constructed based on identity-discrepancy-contrary analysis, and a security risk assessment model was established based on set pair-extension analysis method and rough set theory to calculate the safety risk evaluation index weights and evaluate the safety risk of high slope blasting construction. The results show that high slope blasting construction safety risk assessment level is moderate risk, which is consistent with the field survey results. The evaluation method can truly reflect the uncertainty of high slope blasting construction safety risk assessment process, and improve the safety risk assessment accuracy of the high slope blasting construction. The evaluation model analysis is simple, and can provide risk prediction for high slope blasting construction, effectively reduce the probability of safety accidents and save the cost of construction safety.