低温保存对生物样本及其生物大分子的影响

The Effect of Cryopreservation on Biospecimens and Biomacromolecules

生物样本库在现代医学研究中的作用日趋重要,基于生物样本库的研究成果层出不穷,极大地推动转化医学的发展。生物样本库中样本保存的质量对研究结果的可靠性有较大影响,如何保存高质量的样本是生物样本库研究的关键问题之一。低温保存技术可以保持样本的活性,若将其用于生物样本库,不仅能够保存样本完整的分子信息,还能保持样本的活性,对生物样本库的发展具有里程碑式的意义。综述低温保存方法对样本的损伤(尤其是生物大分子的损伤)以及减小这些损伤的技术与方法,为提高生物样本的保存质量提供指导性建议。

The role of biobanking in modern medical research is becoming more and more important with the endless achievements based on biobanks, which greatly promotes the development of translational medicine. The qualities of the specimens from biobanks have a great effect on the reliability of the researches. So how to guarantee the qualities of the samples is the key of the research on biobanks. Cryopreservation technology can maintain the viability of the specimens, which will play a significant role in the development of biobanks if preserving the complete molecular information and maintaining the viabilities of the specimens. The damage which freezing or cold brings to the specimens （ especially to the biological macromolecules of the samples） and how to reduce these damages are reviewed in this article.