阿尔茨海默病主要照护者照护负荷及其影响因素分析

Analysis of burden of caregivers for Alzheimer disease patients and its influencing factors

目的 探讨阿尔茨海默病住院患者主要照护者的照护负荷及其影响因素.方法 选取2015年3月—2016年6月南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院老年科收治的150名阿尔茨海默病患者的主要照护者为调查对象,自行设计阿尔茨海默病患者和主要照护者的一般资料问卷,采用照护者负荷问卷调查阿尔茨海默病患者主要照护者的照护负荷,分析阿尔茨海默病患者主要照护者照护负荷的影响因素.结果 阿尔茨海默病患者的主要照护者照护负荷平均得分（52.54±3.29）分,其中中轻度负荷31例（20.67%）,中度负荷47例（31.33%）,重度负荷72例（48.00%）.多元逐步回归分析结果显示,患者的痴呆程度、并发症、照护者性别及主要照护者的自身健康状况4个因子进入多元回归方程,可解释变异量为71.6%（R2=0.716）.结论 影响阿尔茨海默病患者主要照护者照顾负荷的因素有患者的痴呆程度、并发症、照护者性别及照护者的自身健康状况,应针对此类影响因素给予社会支持体系,以缓解照护负荷,提高阿尔茨海默病患者的照顾水平.

Objective To explore the burden of caregivers for Alzheimer disease patients and its influencing factors.Methods Totally 150 caregivers for Alzheimer disease patients were collected from March 2015 to June 2016 in Department of Geriatric of Nanjing Dram Tower Hospital the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School. Self-designed general information questionnaires of patients and its caregivers for Alzheimer disease was used in this study. Caregiver Burden Questionnaire was used to investigate the burden of caregivers for Alzheimer disease patients. The influencing factors of the burden of caregivers for Alzheimer disease patients were analyzed.Results The average score of the burden of caregivers for Alzheimer disease patients was （52.54±3.29）points,in which 31 cases for mild load（20.67%）, 47 cases for moderate load（31.33%）, and 72 cases for severe load（48%）. The multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the level of dementia, complications, the gender of caregivers and the health status of caregivers were independent predictors of the care load,which can predict 71.6% variation （R2=0.716）.Conclusions Factors affecting the burden of caregivers for Alzheimer disease patients were dementia degree, complications, gender and health condition of caregivers. Social support system should be established towarding these factors to alleviate the load and improve the care of Alzheimer＇s disease patients.