何心隐与江西民间讲会聚合堂考释

A historical study of He Xinyin and country schools in Jiangxi province

何心隐是一位天生的组织者,他所建立的聚合堂,正是仿照其师颜钧萃和会的组织办法,以宗族为基地,推行他理想中的乡村建设模式。这种合族的共同体,族中的子弟共同教养,老人则共同抚养,青年婚嫁由族中经办,共同承担赋役。何心隐把山农的萃和会进一步从教育推广到经济,以实现"齐家"的理想。江西宗族势力的发展是一把双刃剑,一方面宗族可以作为官方势力的补充,协助明朝政府对基层民众进行有效的控制,但是作为另外一种权力实体,可以使得势力范围之内的民众免遭专制权力的过分欺压,何心隐的聚合堂实际上也是一种宗族组织。何心隐的民间传统的弘扬势必与专制统治的追求相矛盾。在专制制度的统治之下,强权比公理更为有效,辩论是没有丝毫用途的。

He Xinyin is a gifted organizer who opens country schools in Jiangxi after his teacher.He follows suits and builds the local country schools in the rural communities whereby young children and the old are cared for,and weddings are handled,by all.He extends this education model to the economy.This communal development is accompanied by the government of Ming dynasty to keep the grassroots under control.However,there is a contradiction between advocating Chinese tradition and pursuit of power.