氮沉降对草地凋落物分解的影响研究进展

Advances in the effect of nitrogen deposition on grassland litter decomposition

随着人类干扰和全球变化的加剧,大气氮沉降量迅速地增加,对草地生态系统碳循环过程产生了显著影响。凋落物分解是陆地生态系统养分循环的关键过程,也是土壤碳库的主要来源和维持土壤肥力的基础。凋落物分解深受非生物、生物因子及其交互作用的影响。氮沉降通过影响土壤氮有效性、凋落物产量和质量、土壤生物因子及凋落物分解环境来影响分解。该文综述了氮沉降对草地凋落物分解过程的影响及其机理,包括对土壤氮有效性,凋落物产量、质量,土壤微生物和酶活性以及凋落物分解环境的影响,在系统分析国内外研究现状的基础上,探讨整合了目前氮沉降影响草地凋落物分解的主要研究内容、方向、方法以及存在的主要问题,并对未来的重点研究方向进行了展望,以期为深入研究草地生态系统碳循环过程与氮沉降之间的相互作用与反馈机制提供参考。

Atmospheric nitrogen deposition has increased in the last several decades due to anthropogenic activities and global changes. Increasing nitrogen deposition has become an important factor regulating carbon cycle in grassland ecosystems. Litter decomposition, a key process of carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, is the main source of soil carbon pool and the basis of soil fertility maintenance. Elevated nitrogen deposition could affect litter decomposition by raising soil nitrogen availability, increasing the quantity and quality of litter inputs, and altering soil microorganism and soil conditions. Litter decomposition are complex biological, physical and chemical processes, which were affected by abiotic, biological factors and their interactions. The effects of nitrogen deposition on litter decomposition and the underlying mechanisms were discussed in this paper, including the aspactes of soil nitrogen availability, litter production, litter quality, microclimate, soil microorganism and enzyme activities. The main research contents, directions, methods and existing problems of litter decomposition in grasslands were discussed. We also discussed the prospect of future directions to study the interaction and feedback between nitrogen deposition and grassland ecosystem carbon cycling process.