论伊格尔顿的悲剧观念及其悲剧的政治

On Eagleton's Tragic Idea and Its Tragic Politics

立于左翼化的悲剧文化研究立场,伊格尔顿左右开弓,既批评左派又指责右派的悲剧理论。他充分考虑到悲剧界定的困难,对实在论与唯名论各打五十大板,认为悲剧具有苦难等"家族相似"特征,不断在死亡中获得新生。伊氏的悲剧研究意在张扬悲剧的政治而非历史,他认为朴素的现实主义或悲剧人文主义是有效政治的唯一可靠基础。伊氏悲剧的政治与其"政治批评"的一贯主张十分合拍,它一方面承续了古希腊的传统,另一方面又赋予其政治革命与个体解放崭新的内涵。这一内涵带有鲜明的马克思主义烙印,表征了马克思主义在新形势下复兴的势头。但与其他学者的论述比较,伊氏对革命问题的思考相形见绌。

Starting from his left wing tragic culture stand, Terry Eagleton criticized both the left and right tragedic theories. He knew only too well the difficulties of defining the word ＂tragedy＂, and rejected both realism and nominalism, for he believed that tragedy has a ＂family＂ characteristics like suffering and is constantly reborn from death. He studied tragedy to publicize the politics rather than history of tragedy, and held that simple realism or tragic humanism is the only reliable basis for effec- tive politics. His tragic politics was very much in line with the consistent idea of his ＂political criti- cism＂. On one hand, he inherited the ancient Greek tradition~ on the other hand, he gave it a new connotation of the political revolution and individual liberation. This connotation has a distinctive mark of Marxism, and shows the momentum of revival of Marxism in the new situation. Yet, his thoughts on revolutionary issues was dwarfed by other scholars＂ arguments.