基于驾驶模拟实验的驾驶风格对高速公路换道行为的影响

Impact of driving style on freeway lane changing behaviors: A driving simulator-based study

为考察不同驾驶风格驾驶员在高速公路上的换道行为,对36名驾驶员进行了驾驶模拟实验研究和问卷调查.采用K-中心聚类方法将驾驶员分为谨慎型、普通型和激进型.基于驾驶模拟实验所得的134次换道过程记录,提取了换道频次、持续时间、平均速度、横向加速度峰值、与前车相对距离以及碰撞时间等数据,并采用单因素方差分析方法对这些数据进行对比分析.结果表明:不同风格驾驶员换道行为存在显著差异;随着谨慎程度的增加,换道频次和换道平均速度降低,车间相对距离和碰撞时间均增大,从而提升了换道过程的安全性.研究结果可提升交通仿真软件中换道行为模型的精细化程度,并为驾驶人层面交通安全政策的制定提供参考.

In order to investigate the freeway lane changing behaviors for drivers with different driving styles,a driving simulator-based experiment and a questionnaire-based survey of driving styles with 36 participant drivers were conducted. The drivers were classified into three driving styles including the cautious style,the ordinary style and the aggressive style by using the K-means clustering algorithm. Based on the 134 lane changing processes obtained by the driving simulator-based experiment,the lane changing frequency,the lane changing duration,the average speed,the lateral acceleration peak,the distance headway,and the time-to-collision（ TTC） were obtained and comparatively analyzed by the one-way analysis of the variance model. The results showthat the lane changing behaviors of drivers with different driving styles are significantly distinct. With the increase of the degree of driver＇s caution,the lane changing frequency and the average speed decrease,while the distance headway and the TTC increase,improving the safety of the lane change process. The results have potentials to improve the refinement of microscopic lane changing models in the traffic simulation program and provide references for the formulation of driver-level traffic safety policies.