基于专利分析的我国棉杆收获技术的态势研究

Research status of cotton stalk harvesting technique based on patent analysis

以我国棉花拔杆领域专利为研究对象,分析专利中的数据以及主题。通过宏观和微观两方面对技术的时间分布和空间分布,对研究热点和研究主题进行分析,辅之以生命周期理论,从而揭示棉花拔杆技术的研究现状。通过宏观分析得出:棉杆收获发展势头良好;山东地区在棉杆收获领域专利申请量最多,新疆地区专利申请量涨幅最快。微观分析引入:IPC分类号、原理侧重度、工作形式侧重度以及功能侧重度四个指标辅助分析,首先通过对IPC分类号的统计得出目前棉杆收获设备的研究热点包括:拔杆机构的棉杆整株拔取,适应南方地形的小型拔杆机,低功耗高效切碎装置,拔杆机构与各部件协调工作研究,联合作业机械集成研究。然后对原理侧重度进行分析,结果表明:提拔式棉杆收获因为不留根茬,且利于地膜的回收是各个地区当前研究棉杆收获的主要原理。其次对工作形式侧重度以及功能侧重度进行分析,结果表明:西北地区在棉杆收获方面侧重于打捆技术、除膜技术和粉碎技术的研究,机械化程度最高;长江流域研究较为均衡,且手动工具研究较多;黄河流域在棉杆收获方面侧重于收获功能的研究。最后对成熟度分析可以得出目前我国的棉花拔杆技术还处在成长阶段,在未来的时间内我国棉花拔杆技术将快速发展。

Based on the patent data of cotton stalk pulling technique,the temporal distribution,spatial distribution,research hotspots,and research topics were analyzed from macro and micro aspects,thus,the research status of cotton stalk pulling technique was revealed with life-cycle theory.The macro analysis indicates that cotton stalk harvesting has been developing well,Shandong Province has the largest number of cotton stalk pulling technique patent application,and Xinjiang Province has the fastest increase.The micro analysis includes four indexes analysis,which are IPC classification,principle proportion,working form proportion,and proportion of functions.First,research hotspots were obtained with analyzing IPC classification,including the studies on the pulling of whole cotton stalk with pulling mechanism,small pulling machines adapted to the topography in south China,shredding device with low power consumption and high efficiency,the coordination of stalk pulling mechanism and other components,and the integration of combined machinery with cotton stalk pulling function.Second,the proportions of patent principles indicate cotton stalk pulling principle is the main principle adopted by all the regions.Third,the proportions of patentsworking forms and functions show that bundling,membrane,and smashing techniques are preferred in northwest China,and appear the highest mechanization level;studies about manual tools are preferred in the Yangtze River Basin;and harvesting function studies are preferred in the Yellow River basin.Finally,according to the analysis of maturity,Chinese cotton stalk pulling technique is growing now,and appears a rapid developing trend.