面向钢铁工业逆向供应链的废钢铁分类方法研究

The classification method research of scrap iron and steel based on reverse supply chain

废钢铁合理分类是钢铁工业逆向供应链精细化管理的基础环节。为了实现种类繁多的废钢铁产品的充分利用,结合现有废钢铁循环利用方式,以来源、外观及成分等为分类指标,构建面向钢铁工业逆向供应链的废钢铁分类模型。针对现行的化学成分分类方法无通用性以及化学成分数据量庞大的问题,采用主成分分析法(PCA)对成分数据降维处理,再以层次聚类法获取初始聚类数及初聚类结果,然后结合蚁群聚类算法对初次聚类结果进一步优化,最终得到更为适用的化学成分分类指标。在应用案例中,分析常用的413种废钢铁,以9种化学元素为聚类指标,将废钢铁聚类优化为5大类废铁和7大类废钢,各大类间化学成分含量差异显著。该分类结果可用于解决废钢铁加工企业的仓库布局、废钢铁加工工艺决策以及钢铁生产企业生产配料等问题。

The reasonable classification of iron and steel scrap is the basic link of the delicacy management in the reverse supply chain for the iron and steel industry. For making full use of scrap iron and steel, the cyclic utilization is analyzed and a classification model based on the source, geometry appearance and chemical composition is proposed for the scrap iron and steel in the reverse supply chain. With the low versatility of the existing classification and the huge data of the chemical component, the dimension matrix composition data is reduced by the using of the principal component analysis at first. And then the initial cluster number and initial clustering result is obtained by hierarchical clustering method. Finally, a suitable classification has been constructed. In the end, the initial clustering result is optimized by applying ant colony algorithm. In a case of classification of 413 types of scrap iron and steel ,9 kinds of chemical elements are regarded as an index of calculation. Finally, these scrap iron and steel can be classified in 5 species of scrap iron and 7 species of scrap steel. The chemical composition of each species is significantly different. This conclusion can solve the problems of warehouse layout and process decision and production scheduling in the iron and steel industry.