应用FMEA降低全自动清洗机故障风险

Using FMEA to reduce the malfunction risk of automatic washing machine

目的探讨失效模式与效应分析（failure mode and effect analysis，FMEA）在消毒供应中心全自动清洗机故障风险防控中的应用效果。方法运用FMEA，查找全自动清洗机故障潜在的失效模式，从失效模式发生的严重度、发生频率、不易探测度3个维度评估，计算事先风险数（risk priority number，RPN）；风险由高到低排序；根据分析结果对RPN值排序前5位的失效模式进行前瞻性的行为干预，比较应用FMEA管理1年前后全自动清洗机的故障风险值及发生频次。结果实施FMEA管理1年后排序前5位失效模式的RPN值较实施前明显下降，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；全自动清洗机故障发生频次从2014年的22次降到2015年的12次。结论应用FMEA有助于降低消毒供应中心全自动清洗机故障风险，减少故障发生频次。

Objective To explore the effect of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis （FMEA） on malfunction risk prevention and control of automatic washing machine in the central sterile supply department （CSSD） . Methods The potential failure mode of the malfunction of automatic washing machine was found out by FMEA. The risk priority number （RPN） was calculated through three dimensions： the severity, frequency and difficulty of detection of failure modes. Risk was ordered from high to low. According to the analysis results, the failure mode of the first 5 ranking of RPN values was intervened in a proactive manner, and the failure risk and frequency of the automatic cleaning machine were compared with the FMEA management for 1 year. Results The RPN of the top five failure modes were decreased after one-year FMEA management. The difference has statistically sense. The frequency of malfunction of the automatic washing machine dropped from 22 times in 2014 to 12 times in 2015. Conclusions FMEA may be useful to reduce the malfunction risk of the automatic washing machine and to reduce the frequency of malfunction.