进口含铅物料的固体废物属性鉴别程序及方法

Solid Waste Identification Procedure and Method for a Variety of Imported Lead-containing Materials

通过对不同种类进口含铅物料的固体废物属性鉴别,得到了进口含铅物料的固体废物属性鉴别程序及方法,共包括3步:第1步,利用肉眼观察物料的外观特征、X射线荧光光谱分析主要成分及其质量分数以及X射线衍射光谱、矿相显微镜和扫描电镜能谱确认主要物质形态组成,确定物料的自然属性。第2步,将物料的外观特征和试验结果与文献资料进行比对,判断物料的产生工艺,确定物料是该生产工艺中的不合格品、废弃物质或残余物。第3步,根据《固体废物鉴别导则》(试行),判断物料的固体废物属性。在此鉴别的进口含铅物料分别是铅烧结返粉、铅阳极泥和铅冶炼渣,均属于中国禁止进口的固体废物。该研究为进口含铅物料的固体废物属性鉴别和监管提供参考。

Based on the solid waste identification for different types of imported lead-containing materials, the solid waste identification procedure and method of lead-containing materials was obtained. The solid waste identification of lead- containing materials usually consists of three steps. The first step was to obtain the natural properties of the material. The appearance was observed by naked eye. The main components and their mass fractions were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The main phase composition of the material was obtained by means of X-ray diffraction, mineral phase microscope technology and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectroscopy. The second step was to determine the process of the material. The test results of material were compared with the literature data. Combined with the appearance characteristic, the process of the material was judged. It could be identified that the material was substandard goods, waste material or residue produced in the process of production. The third step was to estimate the solid waste properties of the material according to the Solid Waste Identification Guide （Trial）. The results showed that the imported lead-containing materials were the lead sintering returns, lead anode slime and lead smelting slag. The three lead-containing materials were all of nonimportation solid wastes. This paper would provide technical reference for supervising and identifying the solid waste property of imported lead-containing materials.