高压均质和胶体磨改性对油橄榄果渣水不溶性膳食纤维性能的影响

Effect of high pressure homogenization and colloid mill modification on the physicochemical properties of insoluble dietary fiber from olive pomace

采用高压均质和胶体磨改性处理油橄榄果渣水不溶性膳食纤维(IDF),比较改性前后IDF的微观形态、粒径分布、官能团组成及结晶结构,并测定分析其理化性质。结果表明:高压均质IDF的结构疏松,有较多的裂缝和空腔,平均粒径为66.97μm。胶体磨IDF的结构疏松,且部分出现断裂和破碎,平均粒径为79.52μm。高压均质和胶体磨改性处理均对IDF的官能团无影响,都具有糖类的特征吸收峰;对IDF的结晶结构和结晶度无影响,仍表现出纤维素I型的特征衍射峰。与未处理的IDF相比,高压均质IDF的持水力、膨胀力和持油力分别提高31.70%,78.87%,38.92%,对NO_2^-的吸附能力并无明显增加,对Cd^(2+)的吸附能力提高7.53%。胶体磨IDF的持水力、膨胀力和持油力分别提高19.93%,47.94%,32.97%,对NO_2^-的吸附能力增加8.20%,对Cd^(2+)的吸附能力并无明显增加。

Olive pomace IDF were physical modified by high pressure homogenization （HPH） and colloid mill （CM） in this study. Moreo ver, the micromorphology, particle size distribution, functional groups, crystal structure and physico-chemical properties of IDF before and after the modification were analyzed. HPH group had looser morphology, more cavities and cracks, average particle size of 66.97μm. CM group had looser morphology, more fracture, average particle size of 79.52μm. HPH and CM modification didn＇ t affect IDF＇s functional groups, crystal structure or crystallinity. HPH and CM groups similarly appeared characteristics absorption peaks of sugars similarly, both had cellulose I crystal structure. Compared with unmodified IDF, the water holding capacity, swelling capacity and oil holding capacity of HPH group were increased by 31.70%, 78.87% and 38.92% ; the Cd2＋ adsorption capacity were increased by 7.53%; however, the NO2 adsorption capacity showed no increase. Additionally, the water holding and swelling capacities, and oil hold- ing capacity of CM group were increased by 19.93%, 47.94% and 32.97%, and the NO2 adsorption capacity were increased by 8.20%; however, the Cd^2＋ adsorption capacity didn＇t increase.