流行病学调查中影响应答率的相关因素与对策探讨

Factors affecting the participation rates in epidemiologic surveys

目的本文旨在了解我国15岁以上人群开展健康相关流行病学调查的应答情况，分析造成无应答的具体原因，进而初步探讨提高应答率的有效途径，为今后开展流行病学现况调查提高应答率提供参考。方法通过分析在重庆市进行的中国重要心血管病患病率调查中两种调查模式开展的方式和效果，探讨造成无应答的原因，进而开展干预试验和效果评价。结果集中模式在初期预调查中问卷的完成率只有20．00％，应答率为13．48％；分散模式的问卷完成率也仅31．16％，应答率为25．19％。经过对被调查者以及项目相关核心人员采取一系列激励措施后，正式调查时两种调查模式的应答率均达到预期60％左右。结论集中模式调查在质量控制方面具有优势，但调查时间越长成本越高，并且没有后续措施提高应答率；分散模式调查在成本控制和应答率上具有优势，对无应答者通过预约入户调查可进一步提高应答率，但调查时间长，质量控制相对难度较高。提高应答率应把握两个关键：找到调查对象和吸引调查对象参与调查。

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the response in health-related epidemiological investigation among Chinese population aged 15 and over. We analyzed the specific causes of non-response, and explored the effective ways to improve the response rate, so as to provide reference for future epidemiological studies of this kind. Methods Two modes of studies regarding the prevalence of important cardiovascular diseases were used in Chongqing, during the 12th Five-Year Plan period in oder to find out the cause related to non-response. Intervention programs were carried out to evaluate the effects. Results When using the concentrated mode （CM）, the completion rate to the questionnaires was only 20.00% in the pre-investigation, with the response rate as 13.48%. In the deconcentrated mode （DM）, the completion rate was 31.16%, with the response rate as 25.19%. After a series of incentives provided to both the respondents and the project-related core staff in the two modes, response rates of the two modes increased to the expected 60%. Conclusions CM appeared having advantages on quality control, but was more time consuming, with higher cost, and without effective follow-up measures to improve the response rate. However, DM had the advantages on controlling the cost and could increase the response rate through making advanced appointment with the households but quality control remained difficult. Two key points should be strengthened to improve the response rates, which including： Precisely finding out the research objects and providing incentives to the respondents to attract their interests of participating in the investigation.