法国中小学反校园欺凌政策探析

Analysis of Anti-bullying Policies for Primary and Secondary Schools in France

法国中小学反校园欺凌政策内容主要包括校园欺凌概念的界定、欺凌监测软件的运用、角色职责的明晰、教师与学生的专业培训以及欺凌者的惩戒措施五个方面,具有政策内容系统明确、监测系统严谨专业、角色职责划分明确、培训课程内容丰富详实以及惩戒手段人性化的特点。政策实行多年后成效显著,2015年,法国教育部数据统计显示"校园欺凌行为呈下降趋势"。然而就反校园欺凌政策内容而言,仍然存在些许不足,譬如部分学校政策内容简单不够具体、缺乏奖励机制和监督机制等。

With the increasingly frequent occurrence of bullying in primary and secondary schools, also due to its heavy damage, the French government took the following five measures to construct Anti-bullying policy for primary and secondary schools： define the concept of bullying, use bullying monitoring software, clear the duties of all relative roles, take professional training for both teachers and students as well as formulate disciplinary measures. The policy has been effective since its implementation. The Ministry of Education did a survey in 2016 and it showed that ＂school bullying is on a downward trend＂, as a resuh of the government＇s laws and regulations, the support from the educational administration department monitoring technology, the strict requirements of professional courses for the faculty, and the schools＇ adjust measures to local conditions and their serious attitudes towards these policies. However, the contents of anti-bullying policy needs to be improved, for example, the policy contents are too simple and not specific in some schools, while some schools lack incentive and supervision mechanisms.