糖果鸢尾花粉活力和柱头可授性研究

Studies on Pollen Viability and Stigma Receptivity of Pardancanda norrisii

观测糖果鸢尾及其亲本射干(Iris domestica)和野鸢尾(I.dichotoma)开花散粉时期花粉生活力和柱头可授性的变化规律,为提高人工授粉效率并为糖果鸢尾杂交育种提供依据。采用悬滴法测定花粉活力,用联苯胺-过氧化氢测定柱头可授性,结合田间花部性状随着时间变化的实际观测进行研究。刚散粉时,糖果鸢尾的花粉活力最大,随后逐渐下降。在花朵初放时柱头的可授性最弱,之后呈现先上升再下降的趋势。柱头萎蔫后,可授性低或丧失。花粉活力与柱头可授性强期没有重叠,且花粉比柱头先成熟,是糖果鸢尾避免自花传粉的适应机制;散粉1~2h内收集花粉,并在柱头可授性最强时进行授粉,可以提高杂交成功率。

In order to improve artificial-pollination possibility in hybridization of Pardancanda norrisii,the morphological changes of stigma and pollen were observed and the stigma receptivity and pollen viability were tested.The benzidine-H_2O_2 testing stigma receptivity,pollen germination test in vitro and morphological observation of stigma and pollen were adopted in the study.The pollen of P.norrisii has the highest viability at the beginning,then its viability declines gradually.The stigma has the lowest receptivity at the beginning,then increasing and declining again.The wilted stigma has low or null receptivity.Pollen matures earlier than stigma,and there was no overlap between the highest period of pollen viability and stigma receptivity,which is the mechanism of P.norrisii to avoid selfpollination.Collecting pollen in 1-2h at the beginning and pollinating at the highest period of stigma receptivity,can improve the possibility of hybridization.