鄱阳湖"斩秋湖"水位调控方式对湖泊湿地的影响及启示

Impact of Poyang Lake Water Level Management through "Enclosing Sub-lake in Autumn" on Lake Wetland and its Enlightenment

鄱阳湖由于其长期的水文和地质过程形成了独特的碟形湖泊群。人类活动历史演变形成的、与大型通江湖泊节律性水文特征相互协调的"斩秋湖"水位调控是长江中下游季节性湖泊中的一种重要渔业方式。采用PRA方法调查和统计渔业数据,分析了"斩秋湖"人工调控的成因和调控方式;基于"斩秋湖"渔获物组成和年龄结构,分析其对湿地生态系统和关键物种生境的影响。结果表明:"斩秋湖"水位调控会显著改变湖泊湿地物种组成和群落生物量,提出了该调控方式对湖泊湿地保护与管理的启示。

Poyang Lake is characterized by dished sub-lake groups forming in long-term hydrological and geological processes. Water level management through ＂Enclosing Sub-lake in Autumn＂ is an important fishery method at seasonal lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It evolved through historical development of human activities in harmony with rhythmic hydrological characteristics of large river-connected lakes. In the present study, PRA and fisheries investigation data were used to analyze the forming causes and regulating methods of ＂Enclosing Sub-lake in Autumn＂. Impact of ＂Enclosing Sub-lake in Autumn＂ on wetland ecosystem and habitats of key species were also analyzed based on fish species composition and age structures of catches. Results showed that ＂Enclosing Sub-lake in Autumn＂ could significantly change the species composition and community biomass of the lake wetland. Its enlightenment to protection and management of the lake wetland was presented at the end.