中国马铃薯主食化面临的问题及解决方法（英文）

Potato as a Staple Food in China: Issues and Solutions

农业部宣布马铃薯将成为中国新的主食,马铃薯块茎富含淀粉,高品质蛋白、重要维生素、矿物质和微量元素,然而,将马铃薯升级为中国的主食需要从文化、技术、环境和经济等方面解决很多问题。克服这些困难需要借鉴国内外的经验和技术,以牺牲生态环境为代价扩大马铃薯种植面积是不可取的。内蒙古、西北和西南地区作为中国马铃薯主产区,不适合继续扩大马铃薯种植面积,因为已经导致了草原荒漠化和水土流失等问题,政府已经提出要退耕还草或者退耕还林。在中国南部,利用冬闲田种植马铃薯,是最值得推崇的增加中国马铃薯产量的方法,也是最值得政府推广的方法。另外,将马铃薯开发成中国特色的主食如面条和馒头,使用脱水马铃薯泥作为半成品原料,提高马铃薯块茎的干物质含量,采用低温干燥方式将马铃薯加工成半成品原料等技术问题需要解决。

The Ministry of Agriculture of the People＇s Republic of China （MOA） has announced that potato will soon be the newest staple food in China. Potato tubers are a rich source of starch, high-quality protein, essential vitamins, minerals, and trace elements, but many problems need to be solved to upgrade potato culturally, technically, environmentally, and economically to a staple food status in China. Overcoming these problems requires the use of domestic and international experiences and technical strategies as references; expanding the potato-growing areas at the expense of the ecological environment is undesirable. Inner Mongolia, northwest China, and southwest China, the major potato production areas, are not suitable for continued expansion of the potato-growing areas because this process causes grassland desertification and soil erosion, and the government has proposed that some farmlands be returned to grasslands or forest. In southem China, cultivation of potatoes in fallow fields in winter is the most promising method for increasing China＇s potato production and is worth promoting by the government. In addition, some technical issues need to be solved, such as how to develop potato into a Chinese traditional staple food, how to use dehydrated mashed potatoes as a semifinished food product, how to improve dry matter content of potato tubers, and how to process potato into a semifinished food product at a low temperature.