大学筹资结构、高校规模与科研产出的实证研究——以美国世界一流大学为例

An Empirical Study of Funding Sources and University Scales on the Scientific Research Output:Based on the Data from 11 World Class Universities in the US

本研究利用各高校财务数据、高校学生和教师数据以及ARWU排名得分数据,分析美国11所世界一流大学筹资结构、高校规模对科研产出的影响,并使用OLS回归和固定效应回归模型进行对比,发现其研究结果较为一致,主要结论有:学费比例和生均经费的提高限制科研产出的增加;非竞争性经费比例的增加有利于提高科研产出水平;专职教师数的增加和学生总数的减少有利于增加科研产出。借鉴美国经验,我国应合理确定学费标准、增加基础投入与绩效投入和进一步优化高校规模。

This study uses the financial data of universities, the data of college students and faculty members and the scores of ARWU rankings to analyze the impact of the scales and funding resources of 11 world-class universities in the United States on the output of scientific research. Furthermore, it employs OLS regression and fixed effect regression model to analyze. The results are as follows： The increase in the proportion of tuition fees and the number of students＂ income is limited to the growth of scientific research output; the increase in the proportion of non-competitive funds is conducive to improving the level of scientific research output; the increase in the number of full-time teachers and the reduction in the number of students is conducive to an increase in scientific research output. China should learn from the experience of the United States, and the government should adjust the standard of tuition fees; increase the investment of infrastructure and performance input andoptimize the scale of universities.