城市轨道交通的旅行速度与列车拥挤度

Travel Speed and Train Congestion Degree in Urban Rail Transit

从满足乘客出行需求的角度阐述城市轨道交通列车旅行速度、拥挤度两项指标的重要意义,并以当前我国典型的一线、二线城市轨道交通旅行速度、拥挤度的指标水平和提升过程为实例,分析这两项指标的计算方法、核心要素以及相互关系,从而提出新线开通运营前合理确定和开通运营后不断提升这两项核心指标的具体方法和措施:从优化司机站务人员站台作业标准流程、减少车辆开关门时间和同步延时时间、缩小列车区间运行时间余量等方面提高旅行速度;在开通初期可以通过增加上线列车数、中期可以通过提高旅行速度和折返效率的方法来降低列车拥挤度,而后期则需要研究采用大小交路套跑、上下行不对称运输、平行线路建设、新车增购等方式来从根本上降低列车拥挤度,不断提高乘客服务水平。

This paper analyzes the importance of the two indicators of train travel speed and congestion degree of urban rail transit from the angle of satisfying passenger travel demand. At the same time, The indicators of train travel speed and congestion degree of arban rail transit in the first-tier and second-tier chinese cities are cited as examples in the paper. The calculation methods, core elements and mutual relations of the two indexes are analyzed, and the specific methods and measures of the two core indicators before and after the operation of the new line are put forward. The travel speed can be improved by optimizing the standard procedure for platform operation by the drivers and station staff members, reducing the opening and closing time of ve- hicles and synchronization delay time, and reducing the running time margin of the train section. The train congestion degree can be decreased in the initial period by increasing the numbers of on-line trains, in the medium term by improving the travel speed and reentry efficiency, and in the later stage by studying the use of large and small sets of traffic sets, asymmetric up-run and down-run asymmetric transportation, parallel lines, purchasing new cars, etc. to continuously improve the passenger service level.