设施栽培油桃物候期内温室内外温度变化规律研究

Research on Temperature Change Rules in and out of Greenhouse during the Phenological Period of Facility Cultivated Nectarine

基于2015年1-5月观测的设施栽培油桃(Prunus persica var.nectarina Maxim)物候期和日光温室内外气温、地温等数据,系统研究了油桃在整个物候期内温室内外气温、地温的变化规律。结果表明,温室栽培油桃的物候期较露地栽培油桃提前50 d左右。油桃萌芽、开花期,温室内的平均气温可达到11.8~13.7℃,最低气温在5℃左右,此气温水平较好满足了油桃萌芽、开花的需要。果实膨大期及成熟期内,温室内平均气温为14.9~24.1℃,但最高气温有时达30℃以上,应注意及时通风降温,延长温室的通风降温时间。温室内外气温在不同天气条件下日变化均呈"单峰"型,晴天温室内外日温差比阴天大,温室内的气温始终高于室外的气温。1月下旬至3月中旬,日光温室内5 cm土层的平均地温为13.5~17.2℃,地温不能满足油桃根系生长发育的需求。不同天气条件下日光温室内外地温的日变化趋势与气温变化基本一致,温室外地温日变化与温室外气温日变化具有相关性;温室内地温日变化较平稳,最高地温较最高气温出现的时间存在滞后现象。

In order to research the change rules of air temperature and soil temperature of facility cultivated nectarine （Prunus persica var. nectarina Maxim） in greenhouse during the whole phenological period, the observation data of phenophase and temperature in and out of greenhouse from January to May in 2015 were used. The results showed that the phenophase period in greenhouse was 50 d earlier than out. In germination stage and flowering stage of nectarine, the average air temperature could reach to 11.8-13.7℃ in greenhouse while the minimum air temperature was at about 5℃, which could meet the needs for germinating and flowering. In fruit expanding and mature stage, the average air temperature was at 14.9- 24.1℃; however, the maximum air temperature could reach to 30 ℃ and above at times, which needs longer time for aera- tion-cooling. Both the daytime air temperature diurnal variation of different weather types indoor and outdoor showed unimodal type; the daily range of temperature in clear day was larger than in overcast day; the average daily air temperature inside greenhouse was always higher than that outdoor. From the last ten days of January to the middle ten days of March, the 5 cm average soil temperature was at 13.5-17.2 ℃, which could not meet the needs of root growth. The trend of indoor and outdoor soil temperature diurnal variation of different weather types were similar to that of air temperatures, the relationship between outdoor soil temperature and outdoor air temperature was notable; the soil temperatures diurnal variation was stable in contrast to that of air temperature; the appearance time of the maximum 5 cm soil temperature was later than that of the maximum air temperature.