1974—2015年安康市职业病报告发病情况

Reported epidemic situation of occupational diseases in Ankang City from 1974-2015

目的为了解安康市1974—2015年来职业病报告发病状况,探讨职业危害因素与职业病发病特点,更好地制定防治对策与措施。方法资料来源于1974—2015年全市职业病诊断报告卡及职业病诊断证明书。结果 (1)职业病病种分布。该市共报告8大类职业病1 051例,病种包括职业性尘肺病及其他呼吸系统疾病、职业性化学中毒、职业性眼病、职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病、物理因素所致职业病、放射性职业病、职业性传染病及职业性皮肤病。该市共报告职业性尘肺病及其他呼吸系统疾病831例,病种包括矽肺、煤工尘肺、电焊工尘肺、水泥尘肺、石棉肺。其中矽肺和煤工尘肺为尘肺病的主要病种,矽肺583例,煤工尘肺236例。两者共占尘肺总数的98.79%。(2)地区分布。按照用人单位所属辖区统计,汉滨区518例,占发病总数49.29%;本地报外地职业病为199例,占18.93%。另外,旬阳县职业病人数为90例,汉阴县80例,分别占8.56%和7.61%。(3)时间分布。尘肺病和慢性职业化学中毒在1985—1989年出现高峰,职业性尘肺病及其他呼吸系统疾病在2009年后病例大幅上升;职业性眼病分别在1990—1994年和2005—2009年出现小高峰;职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病在1990—1994年出现峰值。矽肺病例在1985—1989年,煤工尘肺在1995—1999年诊断人数出现小高峰。2005年之后两者病例数逐年上升。(4)年龄分布。职业病人平均年龄47岁,病例数主要集中在30~59岁年龄段(家庭主要劳动力),占发病总数87.68%。结论安康市主要职业病是尘肺病,矽肺和煤工尘肺是尘肺病的主要病种。职业病防控对策主要是协调做好"安监、卫生、人社"等部门的联动机制及监督职能。

[Objective]To investigate the reported epidemic situation of occupational diseases in of Ankang City from 1974-2015,explore the characteristics of occupational hazards and occupational diseases,and effectively develop control countermeasures.[Methods]The data were collected from the occupational disease diagnosis report card and occupational disease diagnosis certificate in Ankang City from 1974-2015.[Results]（1）The distribution in types of occupational diseases showed that there were totally 1 051 cases of 8 categories of occupational diseases in Ankang City,including occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases,occupational chemical poisoning,occupational eye disease,occupational otolaryngological and stomatological diseases,occupational diseases caused by physical factors,radioactive occupational diseases,occupational infectious disease and occupational skin disease. A total of 831 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases were reported,including silicosis,coal worker＇s pneumoconiosis（CWP）,welders＇ pneumoconiosis,cement pneumoconiosis and asbestosis. There were 583 cases of silicosis and 236 cases of CWP,accounting for 98.79% of the total pneumoconiosis cases,which were the main diseases of pneumoconiosis.（2）The regional distribution showed that there were 518 cases in Hanbin District according to the area of enterprises,accounting for 49.29% of the total cases. 199 nonlocal cases of occupational diseases were reported locally,accounting for 18.93%. There were 90 cases in Xunyang County and 80 cases in Hanyin County,accounting for 8.56% and 7.61%respectively.（3） The temporal distribution showed that the peak of pneumoconiosis and chronic occupational chemical poisoning appeared during 1985-1989,the cases of occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases increased significantly since2009,there were two small peaks of occupational eye disease during 1990-1994 and 2005-2009,the peak of occupational otolaryngological and stomatological diseases appeared during1990-1994,the number of diagnosed silicosis cases and CWP cases presented small peak during 1985-1989 and 1995-1999 respectively,and the cases of these two diseases have risen since 2005.（4）The age distribution showed that the average age of patients with occupational diseases was 47 years old,and most of cases were aged 30-59 years old（major workforce of the family）,accounting for 87.68% of the total cases.[Conclusion]The main occupational disease is pneumoconiosis in Ankang City,while silicosis and CWP are the main diseases of pneumoconiosis.Occupational disease prevention and control measures should mainly focus on the linkage mechanism and supervision functions of safety supervision,health,human resources and social affairs and other departments.