2006—2014年全国学校食物中毒及2009年大幅下降状况分析

Analysis on school food poisoning in China from 2006-2014 and substantial decline in 2009

目的分析2006—2014年全国学校食物中毒状况,了解流行病学变化特征,为采取措施有效控制学校食物中毒的发生提供依据。方法用统计学均数、发病率、病死率、构成比、χ2检验、Fisher确切概率法等描述2006—2014年间学校食物中毒总体情况,分析不同致病因素对学校食物中毒的影响,对比全国中毒情况,描述其流行病学特征。结果 2006—2014年全国学校共发生食物中毒655起、中毒28 134人、死亡25人,死亡率0.11/1 000万、病死率0.89‰;微生物中毒人占56.58%;死亡因素化学中毒占80%。学校中毒起数、例数、死亡数占全国食物中毒的13.65~33.87%、20.54~41.15%、0.51~3.64%。2009年后平均每年中毒起数、人数分别下降了77.96%、58.06%,平均每起中毒人数上升了47.46%,不明原因死亡构成比上升了16.67%。结论微生物中毒、化学中毒均是以后防控的重点;2009年《中华人民共和国食品安全法》颁布实施对学校食物中毒产生一定影响,2009年及以后历年学校食物中毒大幅下降原因有待进一步调查研究。

[Objective] To analyze the status of school food poisoning in China from 2006-2014,explore the epidemiological characteristics,and provide basis for taking effective measures to control the occurrence of food poisoning in schools.[Methods]The statistical mean,morbidity,mortality,composition ratio,χ2 test and Fisher＇s exact probability method were used to describe the overall situation of school food poisoning from 2006-2014,analyze the influence of different pathogenic factors on the school food poisoning,compare with the national poisoning situation,and describe the epidemiological characteristics.[Results]A total of school food poisoning events were reported 655 outbreaks from 2006-2014,including 28 134 cases and25 death cases,and the mortality rate and fatality rate was 0.11/lakh and 0.89‰ respectively. 56.58% of cases were caused by microbial pathogens,and 80% of death cases were caused by chemical agents. The proportion of events,cases and death cases in school to national cases was 13.65-33.87%,20.54-41.15% and 0.51-3.64%,respectively. After 2009,the average number of the annual poisoning events and cases decreased by 77.96% and 58.06% respectively,but the case number in every event rose by47.46%,and the ratio of unexplained death cases increased by 16.67%.[Conclusion]Microbial poisoning and chemical poisoning are the focus of prevention and control in the future. The Food Safety Law of the People＇s Republic of China,which has been issued and implemented in 2009,has a certain impact on food poisoning in schools. The reasons for substantial decline of school food poisoning since 2009 need further research and investigation.