盐城市盐都区麻风病治愈存活者的现状调查

Survey on current situation of survivors cured of leprosy in Yandu District of Yancheng City

目的了解当前盐城市盐都区麻风病治愈存活者的生活和健康现状。方法使用"麻风病治愈存活者随访报告卡"和"麻风病患者及其治愈存活者健康档案调查表"对盐都区麻风病治愈存活者进行入户调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 332名麻风治愈存活者中,男女性别比2.77∶1,平均年龄(73±8)岁,文盲、半文盲172人(51.81%),未婚者高达19.58%,职业以农民为主。临床型别以少菌型为主265人(79.82%),畸残者158人(47.59%)。生活能够自理者277人(83.43%),劳动能力丧失者73人(21.99%)。麻风畸残者与无畸残者的生活自理能力和劳动能力比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=30.963和16.392,P<0.01)。家庭人均年收入低于1万元者144人(43.38%),麻风畸残者中高收入者所占比例明显低于无畸残者,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=40.287,P<0.01)。医疗保障主要为新农合258人(77.71%),慢性病总患病率为50.30%。结论盐城市盐都区麻风病治愈存活者的生存状况不容乐观,政府部门和社会团体更应关注这一弱势群体,特别是麻风治愈畸残者,应从生活救助、畸残康复、消除歧视等方面着手,进一步提升其生存质量,使其"老有所养、病有所医"。

[Objective] To understand current situation of life and health of survivors cured of leprosy in Yandu District of Yancheng City.[Methods]By using the Visit Report Card for Survivor Cured of Leprosy and the Health File Survey Form for Leprosy Patient and Survivor Cured of Leprosy,the door-to-door survey was performed among survivors cured of leprosy in Yandu District of Yancheng City,and the data were analyzed.[Results]Among 332 survivors cured of leprosy,the male-to-female ratio was 2.77 ∶ 1 and the average age was（73±8）years old,172（51.81%）survivors were illiterate or semiliterate,unmarried survivors accounted for 19.58%,and the most of survivors were farmer. 265（79.82%）people had paucibacillary leprosy,and 158（47.59%）people were disabled. 277（83.43%） people had self-care ability and 73（21.99%） people were disability. There were statistically significant differences in self-care ability and working ability between disabled survivors and non-disabled survivors（χ~2=30.963,16.392,P0.01）. 144（43.38%）people had an annual household per capita income less than 10 000 Yuan（RMB）.The proportion of high-income people to the disabled survivors was lower than that of those to non-disabled survivors and the difference is statistically significant（χ~2=40.287,P0.01）. 258（77.71%） people joined the new rural cooperative medical care system. The total prevalence rate of chronicle diseases was 50.30%.[Conclusion]The survival conditions of survivors cured of leprosy in Yandu District of Yancheng City are not optimistic. The government agencies and social groups should pay more atten-tion to such a group of people,especially the disabled survivors cured of leprosy,and further improve the survival quality of the survivors from the aspects such as life assistance,disability recovery and prejudice elimination,so as to achieve the target of good care for elderly and proper treatment for patients.