先锋主义是一种新形式主义——论阿波利奈尔的诗歌

Avant-Gardism is a Neo-Formalism:An Analysis of G. Apollinaire's Poetry

在《醇酒集》和《图画诗》等诗集中,阿波利奈尔利用对诗歌语言与形式的革新和对绘画艺术与语言艺术之间壁垒的打破,对"为艺术而艺术"的经典诗歌形式主义进行了重新定义。诗人对文字自我创造能力与诗歌形式美的追求,反映了作为先锋主义者的个人价值观和传统诗歌表达性与叙述性的深刻危机。这导致其诗歌中充满了晦涩难懂的意象、断续的语句、混合的形式、多重的声音等等,使诗歌在破坏了自己传统的固定形式之后嬗变成了一种反形式,而这种新形式主义正是20世纪先锋诗歌的主要特征,是诗歌最终走向无形的形式和能指-符号的开端。

With a meticulous examination of poetical language and form innovations, and of the abolition of frontier between art and poetry in Apollinaire＇s Alcools and Calli- grammes etc., this article suggests that the archetypal motif of the poet is to redefine the classic formalism of ＂Art for Art＇s Sake＂, and finally to create an anti-formalism or new one, which is exactly the major characteristic of avant-garde poetry of 20th century, and the beginning of a modem tendency that leads the poetry to a form without form and a sign without sense, and the reason why his poems are full of strange words, expressions, ima- ges and discontinuous sentences.