江西高天岩自然保护区生态系统服务功能价值评估

Evaluating the ecosystem services of Gaotianyan Nature Reserve in Lianhua County,Jiangxi Province

高天岩自然保护区位于江西省莲花县,为当地人提供了多项生态服务功能。根据高天岩自然保护区生态与社会经济系统的特征,构建其生态系统服务功能价值评估指标体系,并以2014年数据为基础,综合运用成本替代、市场价值、影子工程、造林成本、成果参数和旅行费用等定量分析方法,评估其生态系统的经济价值。结果表明:2014年,高天岩自然保护区生态系统服务总经济价值为7.20×10~8元,其中,土壤保持和固碳释氧的经济价值居前两位,分别为4.39×10~8元和1.16×10~8元,各占服务总经济价值的60.89%和16.11%。9项服务指标按评估的经济价值大小排序为:土壤保持>固碳释氧>产品供给>生物多样性保护>环境净化>气候调节>旅游休憩>调洪蓄水>社会保障。直观的经济数字反映了高天岩自然保护区生态系统对人类社会的重要贡献,一方面有利于强化管理者和公众保护高天岩自然保护区的意识,另一方面为政府制定高天岩自然保护区生态系统补偿标准提供数据支撑。

Gaotianyan Nature Reserve, a provincial natural conservation area, located in Lianhua County, Jiangxi Province, provides many ecosystem services for the local people. Economic valuation of the main ecosystem services of Gaotianyan Nature Reserve can help us to better understand the direct contribution of the Natural Reservation system to Lianhua County, and ensures that the government comprehensively considers the importance of protecting the Nature Reserve ecosystem when planning a strategy for economic development. In the present study, we established a system of evaluation indexes for the ecosystem service function of Gaotianyan Nature Reserve, according to its ecological and social economic characteristics. We then evaluated the eco-economic values provided by the ecosystem of Gaotianyan Nature Reserve in 2014, using factors such as replacement cost, market value, shadow engineering, cost of afforestation, reference results, and travel expenses. The following results were obtained. Firstly, the total economic value of the ecosystem services provided by Gaotianyan Nature Reserve was estimated to be 7.16 108 Yuan in 2014, and the values of soil conservation and carbon fixation and oxygen released were 4.39 108 Yuan and 1.16 108 Yuan, which accounted for 60.89% and 16.11% of the total value, respectively. Secondly, primary production was a major direct economic source; however, the value of the primary production in Gaotianyan Nature Reserve only accounted for 10.75% of the total value of the ecosystem services. This means that using only the value of primary production to measure the value of total ecosystem services would seriously underestimate the ecosystem service value of Gaotianyan Nature Reserve. Finally, the economic values of nine ecosystem service indexes were sorted as soil conservation, carbon fixation and oxygen release, primary production, biodiversity protection, environmental purification, climate regulation, tourism and recreation, flood control and water storage, and social security, according to the value of the evaluation. In conclusion, the direct economic data revealed that Gaotianyan Nature Reserve makes a considerable contribution to our society. It not only helps to improve the consciousness of the administrators and the people involved in protecting the traditional agricultural culture but also provides data support for the government to formulate a compensation standard for Gaotianyan Nature Reserve.