超晚播节水栽培冬小麦品种花后光合与灌浆特性

Characteristics of photosynthesis and grain-filling of various winter wheat cultivars under extremely-late sown and water-saving cultivation conditions

为探寻黑龙港地区超晚播节水栽培条件下冬小麦的适宜品种,采用大穗型(潍麦8号)、小穗型(衡水4399)和中间穗型(济麦22)3种不同类型品种连续3年进行大田试验,研究了不同穗型品种的花后光合特性和籽粒灌浆特征。结果表明,在超晚播栽培下,不同品种产量的差异主要是千粒重的差异;3个品种中济麦22千粒重和产量均最高,主要是由于灌浆持续期特别是活跃灌浆期较长、灌浆后期的灌浆速率较高所致。与潍麦8号和衡水4399比较,济麦22在灌浆后期不仅具有较高的光截获率,还具有较高的叶片光合活性,这是其灌浆期较长、后期灌浆速率较高的主要原因。因此,中间穗型品种济麦22是黑龙港地区超晚播节水高产栽培的适宜品种。

To select a suitable winter wheat cultivar under extremely-late sown and limited irrigation conditions in the heilonggang region, a 3 year field experiment is conducted using three cultivars varying in spike types： the large spike cultivar Weimai 8, the small spike cultivar Hengshui4399, and the medium spike cuhivar Jimai 22. Characteristics of photosynthesis post-anthesis and dynamic of grainfilling are investigated for these extremely-late sown wheat cultivars. Results show that the yield differences among the cuhivars are mainly due to the differences in the 1000 grain weight （TGW）, with the Jimai 22 having the highest TGW and yield. Comparing with the Weimai 8 and the Hengshui 4399, the higher TGW of the Jimai 22 comes largely from the longer grain-filling period, especially, the active grain- filling period, and the higher grain-filling rate in the late grain-filling stages, closely associated with the higher light interception rate and photosynthetic rate. Thus, the medium spike cultivar Jimia 22 is a suitable cultivar under extremely-late sown and limited irrigation conditions in the heilonggang region.