尼采的表面与核心——以施特劳斯《尼采〈善恶的彼岸〉讲疏》为中心

Surface and Core of Nietzsche:With Leo Strauss's Course on Nietzche's Beyond Good and Evil as the Center

施特劳斯一方面承认尼采对他的巨大影响,另一方面猛烈地批判尼采。施特劳斯在1971—1972学年开设《善恶的彼岸》研读课,这是施特劳斯关于《善恶的彼岸》的最后一次,也是最全面细致的一次讲解。施特劳斯看到,必须同时把握尼采思想的表面与核心才能理解尼采的地位,因此他从尼采对时代精神的批判深入到尼采对柏拉图哲学传统的批判。尼采试图以历史哲学取代形而上学,从而在现时代捍卫哲学生活的正当性。施特劳斯把尼采的解决方案概括为"用高贵的自然取代神圣的自然",但施特劳斯指出,尼采对自然的解释存在根本性的含混与矛盾,他的解决方案也并未成功地给人类生活提供有效的出路。

While acknowledging Nietzsche＇ s tremendous influence, Leo Strauss refutes Nietzsche severely. Strauss offered a seminar on Nietzsche＇s Beyond Good and Evil from 1971 to 1972, which is his last, and also the most thorough interpretation of this book. Strauss holds that understanding Nietzsche＇ s position requires the necessary mastery of the surface and core of his thinking, which symbolizes that he has probed into Nietzsche＇ s criticism of the Platonic tradition in philosophy from that of the spirit of his time. For the sake of defending the legitimacy of philosophy in modern times, Nietzsche tries to replace metaphysics with the philosophy of history. While generalizing Nietzsche＇ s solution as ＂Die vornehme Natur ersetzt die g？ ttliche Natur＂, Strauss points out that there exists the fundamental ambiguity and contradiction in Nietzsche＇ s interpretation of nature and his solu- tion also fails to provide an effective outlet for the human life.