改革开放以来政府机构改革的历程和启示

Process and Enlightenment of the Reform of Government Institutions since the Reform and Opening Up

自1978年改革开放以来,中国的政府机构改革经历了三大阶段共七次改革。中国政府机构改革,既是行政体制改革的关键环节,又是政治体制改革的重要内容。机构改革的目标是按照建立中国特色社会主义行政体制的要求,切实转变政府职能,优化机构设置,做好编制管理,完善运行机制,提高行政效能。政府机构改革已取得了一定成效,极大地提升了政府治理能力,建立起与市场经济体制相适应的机构配置,从精简机构进到理顺权责关系并推动政府职能转变。今后,应从以下几个方面着手继续深化政府机构改革:一是加强顶层设计,注重与全面深化改革的配套推进;二是择选指导理论,从服务行政理念到整体治理理论;三是遵循核心逻辑,从精简优化机构到划分权力边界;四是把握关键环节,着力制度构建、职能转变和编制管理。

Since the reform and opening up in 1978, the reform of Chinese government institutions has gone through seven reforms in three stages, which are not only the key link of administrative system reform, but also the important content of political system reform. The goal of institutional reform conforms to the requirements of socialist administrative system with Chinese characteristics, which aim to transform the function of the govern- ment, optimize the organization settings, improve the management of authorized size, promote the operational mechanism and improve the administrative efficiency. The reform has made certain achievements, greatly promo- ting the governance capacity of the government while setting up the institutional configuration that adapts to the market economy system, which ranges from streamlining the institutions to rationalizing the relationship between power and responsibility till promoting the transformation of government functions. In the future it is suggested to further deepen the reform of government institutions from several aspects. One is to strengthen the top-level de- sign that focuses on the supporting promotion of comprehensively deepens the reform. The other is to choose the guiding theory that ranges from the concept of service administration to the overall governance theory. The third is to follow the core logic that includes the streamlined and optimized institutions as well as the division of power boundaries. The fourth is to grasp the key links that focus on the system construction, functional transformation and management of authorized size.