女性患者急性心梗后心理困扰与生活质量的随访研究

A follow-up study on psychological distress and quality of life in female acute myocardial infarction patients

目的探讨女性急性心梗患者出院后半年内的心理困扰程度和生活质量。方法使用任意抽样,选取2015年10月至2016年4月间于西安交通大学第一附属医院重症心脏病监护病房(CCU)住院治疗的符合纳入排除标准的女性急性心梗患者61例。使用心理困扰评定量表(K10)和简明健康测量量表(SF-36)于患者出院前、出院后1个月、3个月和6个月分别进行测量和分析。结果研究对象4个测量时点心理困扰得分分别为27.42±7.83、23.46±6.51、22.67±6.09、16.60±4.28,差异有统计学意义(F=10.34,P<0.05)。4个测量时点生活质量总均分分别为50.01±21.16、53.10±21.68,56.78±22.02,61.26±19.56,差异有统计学意义(F=8.26,P<0.05)。各时点上心理困扰与生活质量均有明显相关性。心梗后早期有心理困扰和无心理困扰患者,在不同时点上生活质量均具有显著性差异(t值分别为2.35、2.05、2.50、2.17,均P<0.05)。结论女性心梗患者住院治疗期间的心理问题应引起重视。适时有效的干预措施,不仅可以缓解患者住院期间的不良情绪,对患者出院后的生活质量改善也能起到一定的促进作用。

Objective To identify the psychological distress and quality of life in female acute myocardial infarction patients in 6 months after leaving hospital. Methods There were 61 participants recruited in CCU in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi＇an Jiaotong University between October 2015 and April 2016 by convenience sampling. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale（ K10） and 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey（ SF-36） were used to collect data in leaving hospital,1 month,3 months and 6 months after discharged. Results The K10 scores in 4 time points were 27. 42 ± 7. 83,23. 46 ± 6. 51,22. 67 ± 6. 09 and 16. 60 ± 4. 28,respectively,which had significant differences（ F = 10. 34,P〈0. 05）. The SF-36 scores in 4 time points were 50. 01 ± 21. 16,53. 10 ± 21. 68,56. 78 ± 22. 02 and 61. 26 ±19. 56,respectively with significant differences（ F = 8. 26,P〈0. 05）. There was significant relationship between psychological distress and quality of life in 4 time points. The differences in quality of life were significant between patients with or without psychological distress at early stage after myocardial infarction（ t value was 2. 35,2. 05,2. 50 and 2. 17,respectively,all P〈0. 05）. Conclusion Health professionals should pay attention to the psychological distress in female acute myocardial infarction patients during hospital time. Timely and effective interventions can not only relieve patients＇ negative motions during hospitalization,but also promote the quality of life after discharge.