1821年赦令与近代帝俄美洲殖民政策的嬗变

The Ukase of 1821 and the Transformations of Imperial Russian Government's American Colonial Policy

1821年赦令是帝俄政府调整美洲殖民政策的重要文件,内容涉及俄属美洲的边界、领海、贸易等方面。赦令具有明显的对外性质,旨在处理俄属美洲与外国势力的关系,确立俄属美洲的统治权。1821年赦令的颁布加剧了美洲西北海岸国际关系的紧张局势,面对来自英、美两国的巨大压力,帝俄政府的态度随后发生变化,基本放弃了原来的政策主张。从历史的维度来分析,帝俄政府态度的这种嬗变正是其全球战略布局、西北海岸国际局势、俄美公司政治变革、沙皇个人性格等因素共同作用的结果。帝俄美洲殖民政策的转变对美洲西北海岸国际关系产生了深远的影响。

The Ukase of 1821 has been known as an important document regarding to the transformations of Imperial Russian Government＇ s American colonial policy, which included something about the boundary, territorial waters and trade rights in Russian America. This ukase has been aimed to deal with the foreign relations among Russian America and the other foreign powers, as well as to establish the domination of Russian America. However, the Ukase of 1821 has exacerbated the tensely international relations in the Northwest coast of America, in front of the big pressure from the United States and Britain, The Russia Empire had to change its mind, and give up its former policy. From the point of history method, there were a lot of reasons regarding to these transformations, which included the Imperial Russian Government＇s Global Strategy, The international environment on the Northwest coast, the transformation of government function in Russian America Company and finally the Czar＇s personal character. The transformation of the Imperial Russian Government＇s American colonial policy had a great impact on the international relations of the Northwest American Coast. First, the domination of Russian America had been accepted by the other foreign powers. Second, the operation of Russian America Company had been in a difficult situation. Last but not least, the Uncertainty of International Relations in Northwest American Coast had been more and more stronger.