创造“共有财富”世界的前提与重塑生产劳动的逻辑——对约翰·霍洛威与哈特、奈格里论辩的批判性解读

The Premise of Creating “Commonwealth” and the Logic of Remaking Productive Labor:A Critical Interpretation to John Holloway's Argument with Hardt and Negri

哈特、奈格里基于认知资本主义时代的财富共同形式,认定生命政治劳动的生产蕴含着共产主义的可能。其中抛弃黑格尔的辩证法是他们"从资本转向阶级"的革命构想的核心议题,对此,霍洛威批判他们对黑格尔辩证法的误判,使辩证法与否定性一同被倒掉,最终滑向对资本主义的依赖,从而停止对抗甚至消解资本主义的内在矛盾。在设想实现"共有财富"世界的制度问题上,霍洛威也对其展开了批判,认为关键问题是突破和超越现存资本主义,而不是建立替代性的统治制度。通过对两者之间的争辩的梳理,提示我们重新突破黑格尔辩证法对于解读马克思是至关重要的,但他们彻底地否定了马克思对资本主义危机的客观基础的分析,将资本主义的危机设定为主体的意愿,这必然偏离对资本主义作严肃分析的方法论原则。

Based on the wealthy co-form at the age of cognitive capitalism,Hardt and Negri conclude that the production of biopolitical labor contains the possibility of communism. One of the central themes of their revolutionary doctrine of'from capital to class'is the rejection of Hegel's dialectics. Holloway criticizes that they have misunderstood Hegel's dialectics,which has been abandoned with the negative,and eventually led to dependence on capitalism. Consequently,the inherent contradictions of capitalism are ignored and even eliminated. As to the problem of the system of'common wealth',Holloway also believes that the key issue is to overcome existing capitalism,rather than establish an alternative rule system. By reflecting on their argument,we find that it is important to make a breakthrough in Hegelian dialectics for the interpretation of Marxism. However,they thoroughly deny Marx's analysis of the objective basis of capitalism crisis by assuming that capitalist crisis is caused by subjective will,which definitely deviates from the methodology principle of capitalism criticism.