离岸服务外包与中国全要素生产率提升——基于发包与承包双重视角的分析

Offshore Service Outsourcing and the Promotion of China's TFP——An Analysis Based on the Dual Perspectives of Outsourcing and Undertaking Outsourcing

在全球化的背景下,外包日益成为发展中国家参与国际分工的重要途径。本文基于发包与承包双重视角,深入考察了离岸服务外包对全要素生产率的影响机制,并运用2002—2014年中国制造业细分行业面板数据实证检验了发包与承包对全要素生产率的差异化影响。结果表明,发包显著地促进了全要素生产率的提升,而承包对全要素生产率有显著的抑制作用。进一步检验发现,发包对全要素生产率的促进作用随行业技术密集度的增加而增大;承包对劳动和技术密集型行业的全要素生产率有显著的负向作用,但对资本密集型行业没有显著的影响。这些经验发现为中国外包战略的发展和全要素生产率的提升提供了重要启示。

Under the background of globalization, outsourcing is increasingly becoming an important way for developing countries to participate in international division of labor. Based on the dual perspectives of outsourcing and undertaking outsourcing, this paper investigates the mechanism by which offshore service outsourcing influence total factor productivity in depth, and examines the different impacts of outsourcing and undertaking outsourcing on total factor productivity by using the panel data of China＇s manufacturing industry from 2002 to2014. The results show that outsourcing contributes significantly to the increase of total factor productivity, while undertaking outsourcing has a significant negative effect on total factor productivity. Furthermore, the contribution of outsourcing to total factor productivity increases with the improvement of industrial technology intensiveness. Undertaking outsourcing has a significantly negative effect on total factor productivity of labor-intensive and technology-intensive industries,but it has no significant effect on capital-intensive industries. These empirical findings provide important enlightenment for the development of China＇s outsourcing strategy and the promotion of total factor productivity.