外资进入、技术距离与企业研发创新

Foreign Investment Entry, Technology Distance to Frontier and R&D Innovation

本文在新熊彼特内生增长理论的框架下考察了外资进入对企业研发创新的异质性影响。本文以中国迅猛的外资自由化进程为背景,利用2001—2007年中国工业企业微观数据,基于技术距离视角,从企业研发行为与研发投入两个维度,全面探讨了外资进入对企业研发创新的异质性影响。研究结果表明,一方面,大规模外资进入带来的市场竞争在整体上促进了我国企业的研发创新活动;另一方面,外资进入对企业研发创新的促进效应依赖于企业与前沿技术水平的差距,对与行业前沿技术水平更接近的企业表现为显著的积极效应,而对与行业前沿技术距离较远的企业表现出显著的负面效应。即外资进入对企业研发创新的促进作用更多地被与技术前沿接近的企业所获取。

This paper relies on the new-Schumpeterian framework to explore the heterogeneous impact of foreign investment on firm＇s RD innovation. Specifi cally, under the background of investment liberalization and using 2001-2007 Chinese manufacturing firm-level data, this paper distinguishes the heterogeneous effects of foreign investment on firm＇s RD innovation according to their distance to the world technology frontier. The results indicate that, on one hand, the procompetitive effect of foreign investment promotes firm＇s RD innovative activities as a whole; on the other hand, this effect depends on the distance between domestic firms and technological frontier. That is to say, the entry threat of advanced technology firms spurs RD innovation incentives in firms that are close to the technology frontier, but discourages RD innovation in laggard firms.