工业闭孔泡沫铝压缩力学性能及变形机理

Mechanical Properties and Deformation Mechanism of Industrial Aluminum Foams

泡沫铝是一种新型的结构和功能材料,因特殊的能量吸收特性而在工程领域具有很好的应用前景。为了研究基体材料对泡沫铝力学性能和变形失效机理的影响,同时为工业泡沫铝材料提供更具参考价值的性能指标,对工业上最常见的两种不同基体(纯铝基体和7050铝合金基体)的泡沫铝材料进行了准静态压缩力学性能的试验,并对其变形机理进行了分析。试验结果表明,相同规格的7050基体泡沫铝的压缩力学性能高于纯铝基体泡沫铝,能量吸收能力也远大于纯铝基体泡沫铝。纯铝基体泡沫铝在压缩载荷下呈现逐层坍塌、连续性破坏的模式,试件在完全压实后呈碎渣;7050基体泡沫铝表现出逐层坍塌、间断式破坏的模式,试件在完全压实后呈完整的块状。7050基体泡沫铝的泡孔结构比纯铝基体泡沫铝均匀,力学性能更加稳定。

Aluminum foams are a new class of structural and functional materials.It has a bright prospect in engineering field.In order to study the effects of matrix materials on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanism of aluminum foam and endow industrial aluminum foam with a more useful and reliable performance index,two kinds of industrial foams,Al-matrix and 7050 Al-alloy-matrix foams,were studied.The results showed that the compressive mechanical properties of 7050 Al-alloy-matrix foam was much higher than that of Al-matrix foam,so was its energy absorption ability.The deformation mechanism of Al-matrix foam was that the cells collapsed layer by layer during deformation,continuously.The outside materials of Al-matrix foam peeled off during the compression remarkably and compressed to be crumbs finally.The deformation mechanism of 7050-matrix foam was that the cells collapsed layer by layer during the deformation,discontinuously.The specimens were still whole bulks after compression finally.The cell structure of 7050-matrix foam was more uniform than that of Al-matrix foam in the present study,therefore its mechanical stability was better than Al-matrix foam.