美国电力改革及对中国的启示

US Electricity Reform Practice and Its Inspiration to China

2002年中国电力体制改革实施以来,初步实现了厂网分离和发电环节市场主体多元化,但电力交易机制、开放电网公平接入、输配电价改革等深层次问题没有破解。本文深入分析美国电力改革的做法与近期进展,期望为推进中国新一轮电力体制改革提供有益借鉴。美国电力改革有二十多年的历史,在放开竞争性业务、电网无歧视开放等方面积累了丰富的经验。美国将电力产业垂直一体化垄断改造成可竞争性市场结构,组建区域输电组织,开放电网公开公平接入,健全市场交易机制,放松发电侧和售电侧的管制,引入各类企业进行竞争,市场绩效和企业竞争力得到增强。

Since electricity system reform of China in 2002, the separation of plants and networks and a diversity of generation firms are preliminarily realized. However, there are still many underlying problems such as electricity trading mechanism, open and fair access, transmission and distribution price reform. This paper deeply analyzed the practice of electricity reform in the United States and the recent progress, and hoped to provide useful experience for Chinese new round of electricity reform. America has experienced reform of the electricity market for twenty years, and has accumulated rich experience in open competition, open and fair access transmission and electricity regulation. During American electricity industry reform, the vertically integrated monopoly was transformed into a competitive market structure. Through organizing regional transmission organization and open and fair access transmission, perfecting the market transaction mechanism, deregulating the generation side and the sale side, and introducing various types of enterprises to competition, market performance and the enterprise＇s competitiveness were enhanced in American electricity market.