佛教缘起论的生态存在论意义

The Ecological Ontological Significance of Buddhist Pawiccasamuppqda

佛教缘起论本质上是一种存在论,佛教缘起论在佛教历史发展过程中本身形成了多种形态。探讨佛教缘起论的生态存在论意义,应就其不同历史形态具体分析。从存在论视域言,不同形态的佛教缘起论,大体上可以划分为生存境遇缘起、存在的缘起性及缘起整体性。十二因缘说、赖耶缘起论偏重于生存境遇缘起。其关于现实生存境遇生成根源和过程,以及转变思维方式和价值观念在净化世界中的作用的思想,对于我们今天反思生态环境危机的根源及生成过程、实现生态性生存等具有启发意义;缘起性空思想对存在缘起性的揭示,与当代生态存在论的关系论相一致。其对"自性恒有"观念的批判,对于我们今天批判反思现代实体论世界观具有重要意义;中国佛教天台宗"一念三千"观念、华严宗法界缘起论的缘起整体性思想,则对于我们认识人与环境和万物之间、事物与事物之间、事物与环境整体之间的内在关联具有重要价值。

Buddhist Pawiccasamuppqda is essentially a kind of ontology, which has grown into a variety of forms in the process of its historical development. When discussing the ec- ological ontological significance of Buddhist Pawiccasamuppqda, we need to analyze these different historical forms concretely. From the perspective of ontology, the different forms of Buddhist Pawiccasamuppqda can be generally divided into three types： the origi- nation of living circumstances, the dependent origination （pratitya-samutpdda） of dhar- mas, and the holism of dependent origination. The Twelve-linked Causal Formula and Alaya-consciousness Pawiccasamuppqda focus on the origin of living circumstances. The i- deas in these two theories about the source and the process of one＇s living circumstances, as well as the effects of transforming the mode of thinking and values in the purification of the world, have enlightening significance in reflecting the roots and the generation process of the ecological crisis and realizing the ecological subsistence. The dependent origination characteristic of dharmas, which the thought of Dependent Origination and Emptiness has revealed, is consistent with the relation theory of contemporary ecological ontology. Its criticism of the concept of ＂an immutable entity being existing＂, has great significance to the critical reflection on the world view of modern ontology. The thoughts in the holism of dependent origination which is included in both the Tiantai Sect＇s concept of ＂one idea means three thousand worlds＂ and the Hua-yen School＇s dharmadhatu Pawiccasamuppq- da, are very important to the understanding the inner relation between people and all things in the world, between things and things and between things and the environment as a whole.