麦芽糖等糖类对重茬土壤改良和苹果砧木生长的影响

Effects of Maltose and Other Carbohydrates on the Improvement of Continuous Cropping Soil and the Growth of Apple Rootstock

研究土施麦芽糖等糖类对重茬土壤改良和苹果砧木生长的影响,为缓解当前苹果连作障碍提供新的途径。2014年4月,在装有10kg重茬土的苗盆中栽种长出5片真叶的平邑甜茶幼苗,分别施入浓度为50,100,200mg/kg的果糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖和阿拉伯糖;2014年9月,测量生长量、土壤微生物及土壤总有机碳(TOC)。结果表明:与CK相比,200mg/kg葡萄糖处理,株高增加52.9%;200mg/kg麦芽糖处理,地茎增加12.2%、叶绿素相对含量增加12.5%;100mg/kg葡萄糖处理光合速率增加18.5%;50mg/kg果糖和阿拉伯糖处理能显著增加土壤中的细菌数量,分别增加了119.7%和127.6%;土壤中的放线菌数量会随着阿拉伯糖的施入浓度增加而显著提高,按施入浓度从低到高,土壤放线菌的数量分别增加了66.7%,222.9%,266.7%;50mg/kg麦芽糖处理,土壤中的真菌数量降低最多,减少了71.7%,效果极显著;100mg/kg葡萄糖处理,土壤TOC含量最高,升高60.0%。在研究结果基础上进行主成分分析得知,在100mg/kg麦芽糖处理下,相对于CK,株高提高47.9%、茎粗增加11.1%、叶绿素相对含量提高8.5%、光合速率提高16.3%、土壤中真菌数量降低49%、土壤中TOC含量高47.6%,均差异极显著。综上,土施100mg/kg麦芽糖显著提高苹果砧木生长;抑制重茬土中土壤真菌数量优势明显,其土壤改良效果显著。

The study focused on the effects of maltose and other carbohydrates on the improvement of continuous cropping soil and the growth of apple rootstock, and the findings could provide a new way to alleviate the apple continuous cropping obstacles currently.In April 2014,seedlings of Malus hupehensis Rehd were planted in pot with 10 kg continuous cropping soil, and the doses of four kinds of carbohydrates,fructose,glucose,maltose and arabinose of 50,100,200 mg/kg were added to the seedling pot after the seedlings grew 5 euphyllas.Then the growth,soil microbes and soil total organic carbon（TOC）were measured in September 2014.Compared with CK,the height increased by 52.9% with the glucose of 200 mg/kg,the diameter increased by 12.2% and the relative content of chlorophyll increased by 12.5% with the maltose of 200mg/kg,the photosynthetic rate increased by 18.5% with the glucose of 100 mg/kg.The fructose and arabinose could effectively increase the number of bacteria in the soil,which increased by 119.7% and 127.6% ,respectively with the application of the concentration of 50mg/kg.The number of actinomycetes in the soil increased significantly by 66.7% ,222.9% and 266.7% ,respectively with the increase of different arabinose concentration.The number of fungi decreased significantly by 71.7% than CK with the applicationof 50mg/kg maltose.The total organic carbon content was the highest when applied the glucose of 100mg/kg and increased by 60.0% than CK.The principal component analysis showed that there were significant differences between the maltose of 100mg/kg and CK,compared with CK,the height,the diameter,the leaf relative content of chlorophyll,the photosynthetic rate,the TOC increased by 47.9% ,t 11.1% ,8.5% ,16.3% , and 47.6% ,respectively,while the number of actinomycetes decreased by 49% .In summary,the maltose of 100mg/kg can improve the quality of apple rootstock obviously,which are useful for the improvement of continuous cropping soil and the number of soil fungi in continuous cropping soil.