村民生活中的神道——基于日本宫城县仙台秋保町马场村的人类学调查

“Shinto” in Village Life: An Anthropological Study Based on Babaazi Village,Akiu-cho,Sendai,Miyagi Prefecture,Japan

本文以宗教人类学的视角,关注了日本村民的"神道信仰"。宗教人类学是把宗教视为一种客观事实加以研究和探讨的学问,关注的不是宗教教义本身,而是宗教对信仰者的影响。本人在日本村落进行了一年多的田野调查,发现神道祭祀在村落已经被仪式化,"神社"管理者虽然是"民间人士",但某种程度秉承了"国家神道"的宗旨,村民不自觉地接受着"民俗神道"和"国家神道"的教化;村民在"神社祭祀"与"家庭祭祀"中,延续着"民俗神道"与"国家神道"的传统。"神道信仰"某种程度仍然是国家认同的基础。

This paper focuses on the ＂ Shinto beliefs＂ of Japanese villagers from a religious anthropology perspective. Religious anthropology is a strand of research that regards religion as an objective fact to be studied and explored, the focus of which is not the religious doctrine itself, but the impact of a religion on its believers. The author carried out fieldwork in a Japanese village for more than a year and found that the Shinto religious ceremony in the village has become ritualized. The manager of the ＂Shrine＂, although still ＂civilians＂, has to some degree become the one to uphold the national ＂Shinto shrine＂ purpose. The villagers have unconsciously accepted the teachings of both the ＂folk deity＂ and the national ＂ Shinto shrine＂ ; they are continuing the tradition of local ＂folk Shinto＂ and state ＂Shinto shrine＂ in the ＂shrine ritual＂ and ＂family worship＂. To a certain extent ＂Shinto faith＂ is still the basis of their national identity.