从“感性主体”到“美学启蒙”——1980年代现代派文学的美学特质与逻辑框架

The Aesthetics and Logics of Modernism in the 1980s:Perceptual Subject and Aesthetic Enlightenment

"美学热"的兴起以及美学的"泛化"启发了众多文艺现象和文化活动的变革,美学理论对于形象思维的重视、对美学感性话语的体察以及对个体自由的凸显都促使了朦胧派诗歌、现代艺术、新潮小说、先锋派小说以及女性文学崭新审美风貌的形成;而这些带有现代价值和审美形式探索的文学审美活动又给美学话语增添新质。美学热潮和现代文学探索之间就形成了相互影响、相互渗透的关系,在赋予审美以"场域伦理"和学科自律的同时,具有了人学启蒙的历史意义与价值。从"感性主体"的视角而言,朦胧诗的自由意象建构和意识流话语、新潮小说的感性体验与形式探索都促成了审美从"他律论"到"自律论"的转型;从"身体美学"的视角而言,女性主义文学的身体表征和对抗意识促成了现代性感性原则的另类释放。现代派文学和审美的探索最终呼应了美学理论热潮,共同成为审美反思政治、人性对抗霸权的人学启蒙方案。

The rise of Great Upsurge of Aesthetics and aesthetic generalization has inspired transformation of many literary phenomenon and the cultural activities. The aesthetical attention of the images thinking,the observation of aesthetic sensibility and highlight of individual freedom have prompted the newaesthetic style of the hazy poetry,modernist art,fashionable novel,the avant-garde novel and female literature. And those literary aesthetic activities with modern value and aesthetic exploring had added newtraits to aesthetic discourse. As a result,Great Upsurge of Aesthetics and the exploration of modern literature influenced and permeated each other. Being endowed with aesthetic self-discipline and ethics field,Modern literature had historic value of humanism enlightenment. From the angle of ＂perceptual subject ＂,the freedom image construction and stream of consciousness discourse of the misty poetry,the perceptual experience and forms exploration of fashionable novels contributed to the shift of aesthetic theory from ＂heteronomy ＂to ＂self-discipline＂; from the perspective of body aesthetics,the feminist body characterization and confrontational consciousness contributed to the perceptual principle of modernity literature. Finally Modernist literature and aesthetic exploration echo the aesthetic theory,providing a common plan of the human enlightenment through the introspection of aesthetics about politics and human nature against the hegemony.