今文《周书》人称代词研究

A Study on Personal Pronouns in Jin Wen Zhou Shu

今文《周书》的人称代词包括第一人称代词"我、予、朕、卬"4个,第二人称代词"尔、汝、乃、而"4个,第三人称代词"厥、其、之"3个,同时还有"某、自、己、人"4个特殊指人代词,人称代词种类齐全、指称功能完备且出现分工互补之势。今文《周书》人称代词的总体特点是周代的时代色彩鲜明,人称代词和名词共现构成同位语的现象常见,人称代词在使用中已显示出谦恭礼让的文化色彩。这些特点为从语言角度验证今文《周书》的语料时代问题及真实性问题提供了有力的证明,同时也为上古汉语人称代词研究提供了一些新的语料,发现今文《周书》一些人称代词的用法及语用功能与过去学界认为的上古汉语人称代词的用法及语用功能有不一致的地方,这为重新认识上古汉语这些人称代词提供了依据。

There are four first personal pronouns, four second personal pronouns, three third personal pronouns and four special human pronouns in Jin Wen 办〇 u Shu,which enjoys complete personal pronouns and allegation. What’ s more, there’ s a trend of complet- mentary division of labor among different kinds of personal pronouns. The general characteristics of the personal pronouns in Jin Wen Zhou Shu highlight the distinctive characteristics of Zhou Dynasty. The phenomenon that the personal pronouns and nouns constitute synonyms are common. The usage of personal pronouns have shown the cultural color of humor at that time. These characteristics provide a strong proof of the problem and authenticity of Jin Wen Zhou Shu from the perspective of language,and also provide some new corpus for the study of personal pronouns in ancient China. It is found that the usage and pragmatic functions of some personal pronouns in this paper have different inconsistencies with the usage and pragmatic functions of the ancient Chinese personal pronouns,which provides the basis for re-understanding these personal pronouns in ancient Chinese.